Physical fitness of elite women's rugby union players over a ...

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0.01 was used rather than 0.05. For each outcome variable the residuals from the analysis of variance model were examined for outliers. Standardized residuals greater than 2.5 were noted and the analysis was re-run with outliers excluded. In most cases the results were not noticeably different when the outliers were excluded. The residuals were approximately normally distributed. 3.8 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS Ethical clearance and permission was sought from the CHS and Senate Research Committees of the University of the Western Cape, The South African Rugby Union, and 2009-2010 Springbok women’s rugby squad coaching and technical staff. On arrival at the training camp, the participants and coaching staff were given an information package detailing the procedures, expectations and benefits for participating in the study (Appendix A). Prior to the fitness testing, players received a verbal briefing on the nature and content of the research (Appendix A). A written consent from each player was requested (Appendix B) and they were informed of their right to withdraw at any time from the study without prejudice. They were given the assurance that all data gathered in the data sheet (Appendix C) during their participation in the research study would be kept confidential and that their names will not be used in any publication that may arise from this research. Each participant had access to their own physical fitness results for their personal development. 56
CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS 4.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter describes the positional physical fitness results at each of the three testing periods over the competitive season. Measurement results of the tests are reported in terms of the mean scores achieved at each of the three different testing periods in the season. The descriptive data for the sub groupings (forwards and backs) at the three testing sessions are all contained in a table in Appendix D. The results depicting comparisons and changes for the positional groups over the competition season are displayed graphically. In addition, this chapter highlights the significant changes within the forwards and backs during the experimental period. 4.2 ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS The anthropometric measurements conducted during the study consisted of body mass and body composition expressed as the sum of seven skinfolds, from which percentage body fat was calculated. 4.2.1 Stature The positional stature results of the forwards and backs for the three testing sessions are outlined in Figure 2. There were no significant differences or changes in stature between or within the positional groups during three testing sessions. Although not statistically significant 57
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PHYSICAL FITNESS OF ELITE WOMEN'S R
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to ack
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In both positional groups, no signi
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2.3 PHYSIOLOGICAL DEMANDS OF RUGBY
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4.3.3 Speed .......................
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LIST OF TABLES PAGE Table I: Body M
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CHAPTER ONE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLE
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2007). Static exertion requires gre
Page 17 and 18: From the time men’s rugby union b
Page 19 and 20: • 10 and 40 m speed • 1 RM benc
Page 21 and 22: (Gabbett, 2007; Quarrie et al., 199
Page 23 and 24: Physical performance characteristic
Page 25 and 26: CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF RELATED LITER
Page 27 and 28: LEOPARDS No of Women’s Clubs: 7 N
Page 29 and 30: 2.2.3 International Women’s Rugby
Page 31 and 32: 2.3.1 Movement Patterns Time-motion
Page 33 and 34: Analysis of work-to-rest periods in
Page 35 and 36: 2.4.1 Body Mass There has been a ma
Page 37 and 38: Table I: Body Mass (kg) of female r
Page 39 and 40: Table II: Stature (cm) of female ru
Page 41 and 42: Table III: Comparison of 10m and 40
Page 43 and 44: etween age groups (Durandt et al.,
Page 45 and 46: Durandt et al., (2006) indicate tha
Page 47 and 48: Table IV: Comparison of Vertical Ju
Page 49 and 50: to allow accurate comparison (Duthi
Page 51 and 52: 1988; Ueno, Watai, & Ishii, 1988).
Page 53 and 54: staff with regards to selection and
Page 55 and 56: male rugby players may be associate
Page 57 and 58: Union. The players were sub-divided
Page 59 and 60: Body mass Skinfolds (biceps, tricep
Page 61 and 62: held at 90 degrees to the surface o
Page 63 and 64: knees extended (straight), and bare
Page 65 and 66: controlled manner to the center of
Page 67: withdraw from the test if they are
Page 71 and 72: the descriptive analysis indicated
Page 73 and 74: Sum of skinfolds (mm) 200 180 160 1
Page 75 and 76: Percentage Body Fat (%) 40 35 30 25
Page 77 and 78: Within forwards, there was a small
Page 79 and 80: 10m speed (sec) 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6
Page 81 and 82: 40m speed (sec) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 * * *
Page 83 and 84: No difference was apparent within p
Page 85 and 86: Pull ups 10 8 6 4 2 * * Forwards Ba
Page 87 and 88: 50 40 * * * Forwards Backs Push-ups
Page 89 and 90: CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AN
Page 91 and 92: Cup (Schick et al., 2006). Attentio
Page 93 and 94: skinfold thickness throughout the s
Page 95 and 96: likelihood of injury during a train
Page 97 and 98: can be possibly attributed to a gre
Page 99 and 100: provide a good measure of the upper
Page 101 and 102: mid-season, which performed 12 and
Page 103 and 104: A reasonably high aerobic fitness l
Page 105 and 106: these two broad positional groups h
Page 107 and 108: physical fitness, it may also be ac
Page 109 and 110: The current study has described the
Page 111 and 112: Baker, D. and Nance, S. (1999). The
Page 113 and 114: Crewther, B.T., Gill, N., Weatherby
Page 115 and 116: Ellis, L., Gastin, P., Lawrence, S.
Page 117 and 118: Hrysomallis, C. (2010). Upper body
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Maud, P.J. (1983). Physiological an
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Rienzi, E., Reilly, T., and Malkin,
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Spencer, M., Bishop, D., Dawson, B.
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APPENDIX A PARTICIPATION INFORMATIO
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APPENDIX B CONSENT FORM Faculty of
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3.SPEED AND ACCELARATION 10 m (sec)
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Forwards Backs Vertical Jump (cm) T
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