il\VOLVEMENT OF RETII\OIC ACID II{ - MSpace at the University of ...

It is reported that PPAR y receptors are involved in the regulation of glucose
metabolism and energy utilization in the heart (Issemann and Green 1990; Spiegelman
and Flier 1996). The increase in PPAR y expression in ADR groìÌp may indicate a switch
from the utilization of lipids to the increased utilization of glucose. An increase in the
utilization of glucose is one of the characteristic features of congestive heart failure
(Nikolaidis and Levine 2004;Razeghi et aL.2002; Razeghi et al. 2001). Administration of
probucol in the ADR+PROB group resulted in a decrease in the expression of PPAR y
genes. This may suggest that the prevention of adriamycin-induced congestive heart
failure by probucol is associated with a normalization of heart energy utilization.
VI. Cellular retinot bindine proteins (CRBP and CRABP II)
These proteins are known to involve in the protection of retinol against oxidation
and plays a crucial role in retinol storage and utilization (MacDonald and Ong 1987;
Napoli 1996). CRBP is also involved in the control of conversion of retinol to its active
metabolite retinoic acid (Ì.{apoli 1996). In this study, the development of adriamycininduced
heart failure was charucteized by a significant decrease in CRBP gene
expression, which can lead to a severe disruption of retinol metabolism and enhanced
conversion to retinoic acid. The administration of probucol in ADR+PROB group hearts
resulted in an increased CRBP gene expression, suggesting a maintenance and
improvement of retinol metabolism.
Cellular retinoic acid binding protein II (CRABP II) is an essential factor in the
control of retinoic acid formation, metabolism and signaling processes (Boylan and
Gudas 1991; Boylan and Gudas 1992; Fiorella and Napoli 1991; Williams and Napoli
19S5). The development of adriamycin induced heart failure in this study was
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