Conservation farming on steep lands - USAid

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EVOLUTION OF SOIL CONSERVATION PRACTICES 237 Figure 2. Orchard hillside ditches serve as <strong>farming</strong> paths for farm operations. Figure 3. Planting sugarcane on the edge of hillside ditches can increase production.
238 MIEN-CHUN LlAO ET AL. Bahiagriiss was suitable for planting on farm roatls (Figure 4). The number of grass species available tilr cliSferent situations is increasing. Alternation of major practices Following arc the revisions niadc in the sccontl edition of the Soil Corlsi~r-~.rr/iorl h'rrrrtli~ook: "Orchard tcrracc" was rcmovctl hecause of its intcrlkrcncc with machinery operations. "individual h;~sill" W;IS abandoned bccailsc bahil-igrass or Irlrli,gc~i>!rr .sj)ic.rrrtr could prcvcrlt soi, loss and reduce runoff. "Orchard hillsitlc ditch." which is a combined treatment of cover crops. nnluiching. and hillside ditching with grass planting. is promoted in cxtcnsio~i progranls. O ~~t~i~rll-~lop~ bcnch terracing combined with hillside ditches and bahiagrass planted on the riser is also inclutlcd tor extension. Formation of a <strong>farming</strong> system Soil conservation practices Sor slopclantl Il~rrns. mainly orchards. consist of previously adopted bcnch terrace5 allcl newly dcvclopcd hillside c~lti\.~iition using hillside ditches. For arcas where bench terracing is desired, such as clean cultivation. cash anti high-value crop production areas, and high-altitude hill-land vegetable nurseries, consideration should be given Figure 4. Hillside ditches are stabilized and covered with grass.
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C O N S E R V A T I O N O N S T E E
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Foreword. ix Preface. xiii 1 Tiltin
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CONTENTS vii Denionstration and ext
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Soil degradation is one of the majo
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FOREWORD xi tunities exist in both
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xiv PPEFACE Arledge, Max Schnepf. m
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Tilting at windmills or tighfing re
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TILTING AT WINDMILLS 5 tions is mor
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TILTING AT WINDMILLS 7 social issue
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Conserving soil by stealth T. F. Sh
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CONSERVING SOIL BY STEALTH 11 P Veg
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CONSERVING SOIL BL' STEALTH 13 To s
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CONSERVING SOIL BY STEALTH 15 on cl
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Using this line of thought, we migh
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SOIL CONSERVATION ON STEEP LANES 19
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SOIL CONSERVATION ON STEEP LANDS 21
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A N D P R I I N C I L E S P R O G R
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26 TED C. SHENG and JAMES R. MEIMAN
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28 TED C. SHENG and JAMES R. MEIMAN
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30 TED C. SHENG and JAMES R. MElMAd
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32 TED C. SHENG and JAMES R. MElMAN
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34 HANS HURNl In such systems any c
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36 HANS HURNl Peru, and many other
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38 HANS HURNl Knowledge of place of
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40 HANS HURNl - - w - 3 m VI m S e
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42 HANS HURNl Figure 5. Microbasins
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44 HANS HURNl Abstracts X, In~crnat
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46 R. LAL lcni more precisely. It i
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48 R. LAL Erosion procossrs. it is
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I A. LAL of land that were once bio
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52 R. LAL having similar interests
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Food and Agriculture Organization a
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56 D. W. SANDERS vation standpoint.
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58 D. W. SANDERS In practice. this
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60 D. W. SANDERS ing simple gully c
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62 D. W. SANDERS cct approaches hnv
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64 RAYMOND E. MEYER in an agricultu
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66 RAYMOND E. MEYER way? Is anyone
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68 RAYMOND E. MEYER preferred solut
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International activities of the Soi
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72 JERRY HAMMOND tance to foreign c
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74 JERRY HAMMOND sent professional
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Sustainable agricultural developmen
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SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMEN
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z SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPM
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1 SLJSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOP
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- taining aid maintaining conservat
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Assessirig economic benefits of soi
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Table 1. Annual land and labor ~rod
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ASSESSING ECONOMIC BENEFITS 97 BEFO
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ASSESSING ECONOMIC BENEFITS 99 BEFO
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ASSESSING ECONOMIC BENEFITS 10 1 -
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ASSESSING ECONOMIC BENEFITS 103 tar
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ASSESSING ECONOMIC BENEFITS 105 b D
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Institutional constraints soil cons
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INSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS TO SOIL C
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that human beings are rational and
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developed societies to less develop
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A N D P R A C T I C E S P R O J E C
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118 N. W. HUDSON not to extrapo!ate
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120 N. W. HUDSON the focus on semia
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122 N. W. HUDSON e:eJ Bench Terrace
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124 N. W. HUDSON a grass tha: can b
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1 126 N. W. HUDSON Even if these de
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128 N. W. HUDSON it to try to elini
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130 ERIC ROOSE from individual farm
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132 ERIC ROOSE grcssivc terracing w
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134 ERIC ROOSE Groupcment Europecn
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136 ERIC ROOSE development of crops
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138 ERIC ROOSE allowing for reorgan
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Conservation of cr
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142 DONALD B. THOMAS Pererztrinl cr
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144 DONALD 8. THOMAS of teff (Eragr
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3 DONALD B. THOMAS ter content, fre
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148 DONALD 6. THOMAS Experimenz:iI
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A review of watershed development p
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152 8. C. JOHN until another is in~
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154 B. C. JOHN required. In Korea,
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156 6. C. JOHN trated in seven subw
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l!j8 B. C. JOHN tifying the full-ti
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Of'thc bur prc!jccts, Ethiopia had
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B. C. JOHN mental cffect on iiny co
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164 B. C. JOHN are available or can
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Demonstration and extension of soil
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168 JEROME E. ARLEDGE arc always in
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170 JEROME E. ARLEDGE not ncccl the
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Soil taxonomy and stees lands Thoma
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174 TI-IOMAS E. CALHOUN ET Al.. irr
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176 THOMAS E. CALHOUN ET AL. lands
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' '9 LYNDEN S. WILLIAMS and BOB J.
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out of the conservation office to a
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182 LYNDEN S. WILLIAMS and BOB J. W
Page 191 and 192: 184 LYNDEN S. WILLIAMS and BOB J. W
Page 193 and 194: 18t LYNDEN S. WILLIAMS and BOB J. W
Page 195 and 196: Elephant grass for soil erosion con
Page 197 and 198: 190 GRANT W. THOMAS visibility to c
Page 199 and 200: 192 GRANT W. THOMAS siderably lower
Page 201 and 202: C A S E S T U D I E S A N D C O U N
Page 203 and 204: 198 CARL G. WENNER for soil conserv
Page 205 and 206: 200 CARL G. WENNER yields arc frequ
Page 207 and 208: TO2 CARL G. WENNER Figure 6. Terrac
Page 209 and 210: 204 CARL G. WENNER ing traditions.
Page 211 and 212: 206 CARL G. WENNEH prograrii of fie
Page 213 and 214: 208 TED C. SHENG caused a dilemma f
Page 215 and 216: Table 1. Specifications and applica
Page 217 and 218: Table 2. Maior tvues of protected w
Page 219 and 220: 214 T. C. SHENG 1 produced on the p
Page 221 and 222: 216 M. G. DOUGLAS (such as I;~nd. l
Page 223 and 224: 218 M. G. DOUGLAS green manures, an
Page 225 and 226: 220 M. G. DOUGLAS marker ridges, in
Page 227 and 228: apidly, prvduce protein rich leaves
Page 229 and 230: 224 M. G. DOUGLAS fruit trees plant
Page 231 and 232: 226 M. G. DOUGLAS b The social, pol
Page 233 and 234: The Eppalock catchment project: A s
Page 235 and 236: 230 D. W. SANDERS to build a feelin
Page 237 and 238: 232 D. W. SANDERS quarters. Staff r
Page 239 and 240: 234 MIEN-CHUN LlAO ET AL. Bccausc o
Page 241: 236 v \ A0 ET AL. a broad, V-shaped
Page 245 and 246: 240 MIEN-CHUN LlAO ET AL. Figure 6.
Page 247 and 248: Soill conservation in Peru Jeffrey
Page 249 and 250: 244 JEFFREY VONK rnation and educat
Page 251 and 252: 246 JEFFREY VONK l'liird, the lest-
Page 253 and 254: ,248 DAVl NATHAN BENVENUTI this obl
Page 255 and 256: 250 DAVl NATHAN BENVENUTI that thes
Page 257 and 258: 252 DAVl NATHAN BENVENUTI 8 percent
Page 259 and 260: 28 Watershed management in Java's u
Page 261 and 262: 256 ACHMAD M. FAG1 and CYNTHIA MACK
Page 263 and 264: 258 Act-IMAD M. FAG1 and CYNTHIA MA
Page 265 and 266: 260 ACHMAD M. FAG1 and CYNTHIA MACI
Page 271 and 272: 266 FREDERICK CHARLES TRACY ing sig
Page 273 and 274: 268 FREDERICK CHARLES TRACY The cha
Page 275 and 276: 270 RAFAEL A. VELOZ and TERRY J. LO
Page 277 and 278: 272 L. DARRELL I'IOR'TON the IBM pe
Page 279 and 280: Sail and water conservation on stee
Page 281 and 282: SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION ON STEE
Page 287 and 288: Jerome E. Arledge Director (retired
Page 289 and 290: CONTRIBUTORS 285 James R. Meini~tn
Page 291 and 292: Absorption terraces, 120 Acacia tre
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INDEX col1scrv;ltion juslific;~tion
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- INDEX Indonesia crop residue use
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Peruvian crop yields. 2541 pineappl
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INDEX Sustainability, soil conscrva
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