Conservation farming on steep lands - USAid

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INDEX Machinery. S~P Faim machinery Maize bean mixed cropping and, 144, 220, 269 fanya juu and, 200 fertilizer costs, 223 pastureland. 221 Peruvian yields. 2441 runoff vs. yields of, 65 soil loss and, 132 ~:rricing and, 146, 200 Malawi, 15-16. 215-227 Mali, 134-136 Mango trecs, 144, 218, 280 Manure animal, 222-223 as fuel. 35. 144 perennial crop systems and, 142 termites and, 134 Maps land use planning and. 46 of Saudi Arabia. 72 watershed development and. 163-164 Marketing. farmer incentives and, 22 Mass movement, 48 Media, 85. 244. 249 Mexico. 20. 72 Microbasins, 42f Mlgntion, urban, 19-21, 67 Millet, 143 Mineralogy, 175 Mixed cropping systems, 144. 320, 269 Model farm programs, 93-106, 132-133. 167. 258 Modified Universal Soi: Lnss Equatioa (MUSLE), 47 Moisture index. mass wasting and. 48 Moisture stress. 13, 15-16 Molybdenum. 230 Mulching. 142 den~onstration plots and. 168 credibility and, 35 fruit trees and. 236 infiltration and. 124-127 runoff and, 130-133 See ulso Ground cover MUSLE. See Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation Murrundum. 120 Napier gn:is. 147, 220 National policies anti-government groups and, 245 as conservation constraints, 107-114 continuity of, 21 foreign aid and, 26 land development and, 6-7 Natural resources management. 4, 7. Scc also Soil conservation; Watershed management Negro Flivcr, South America. 66 Nepal, 35, 45, 120, I88 Nonarable classification, 12 Nordic Conference, 5 North America. SALT networks and. 51f Nutrient reserves, steep lands. 19 Olive trees, 56 Opium. 80 Orchard terraces. 120, 209 Pakistan, 54, 72, 120 hspaluni grass. 236 Pasture. See Grazing land People's Republic of China, SCS and, 73 Percolation, 118. 174. See also Infiltratio~~ Perennial crop systems. 142. See also specific crops Peru, 171 demonstration conservation plots, 167 SCS and. 72 soil conservation in, 242-246 terracing in. 36, 64-65. 177 tul.bulcnt streams in. 66 urban migration in, 19 USAlD projecs, 177 P factor, USLE, 82 Phosphorus, 189 Pineapple, 130-131. 234 Plowing, 56. 143 Population expansion. 140 Potato crops. 244t Poverty, 166, 179 Prices conservation constraints and, 109 rice equivalents, 100 Productivity conservation effectiveness and, 87 contour banks and, 13 contour ditches and, 130 of elephant gnss, 1911 erosion cnd, 11 fanya juu and. 200 farmer conselvation motivation and, 5, 15 model farm programs. 93-106. 132-133, 167, 258 national policies and, 108
Peruvian crop yields. 2541 pineapple plot terracing and, 234 rooting environment and. 12 terraces and, 151-152. 184. 200 tolerable soil loss and. 47 tropical areas. 18 worldwide erosion losses and. 50 Puerto Rico conservation projects in. 171 stccp lands workshop, 275 terracing systems in. 121 Rabbits. 228 Radto, 85. 2.61 Rail;f?ll in Australia, 228 Capc Vcrde Islands. 271-272 directional rainstorms and. 48 Donlincrtn Republic. 1891.. 269 erosivity (R factor). 81-82 Ethiopian highlands, 36 extreme weather events. 185 high altitudes and. 34 in Jamaica. 207 in Malawi, 216 terrace augmentation of, 127 tropical areas, 18 Reclamation, vs. conservation. II Research steep lands erosion, 45-53 USLE and. 68 Reticulation system, 152 Rhodes grass, 218 Rice. 98, 133. 256 Ridging. 120, 133. 220 Rills, drainage ditches a7 Road systems Ethiopian project and. 58 planning of, 252 tea gardens and. 15-16 terraces and, 239-240. 248 Thailand projects and, 80 Venezuelan project and, 179 Romania, 73 Rooting moisture stress. 16 rooting depth. 49 water erosion and, 12 Runoff, 166 communal grazing and, 15 Dominican Republic projcct, 269-270 farm machinery and. 16 fanya juc systems and. 41f field data on, 47 gnss strips and, 123 island volcanic soils and. 271-27:! Ivory Coast slopes, 130 Jamn datri, 2571 maize yields and. 65 measurement of. 118, 124-126 mechxrlcai nethods and. 124-125 microbasins and. 32f model for. 119f plncapple plots, 234 Sahel zone, 133-136 stone walls and. 56 surface cover and, 130 tea gardens and, 15-16 terrace systems arid, 4lf. 120-124. 15.1-147 water disposal. 117-128 Wischmeier plots for. 272 See UISO Drainage; Watershed management Rural development programs. 129 Rwanda, 130-132. 147 Saczardy equation, 136 Sahel region, 7, 36, 133-136 SALT. See Sloping Agricultural Land Technologies Santiago Island. 271-372 Satellite imagery, 6 Saudi Arabia, 72 SCS. See Sail Consevation Service. USDA Sedimentation Algerian reservoirs. 136 delivery ntios and. 47 Indonesian irrigation and. 93 in Javan rivers, 2551 in Malawi, 216 Peruvian streams and. 66 in South Korean rivers. 151 Seeding, contour planting. 168-169 Semiarid regions. See Arid regions Shear strength, 48 Siltation. See Sedimentation Slash-and-bum systems. 77. 80. 269 Slope gradient controlled-erosion methods and. 181 percent of land area. 45 protected waterways and, 212 runoff and, 12. 1311 soil taxonomy and. 174
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C O N S E R V A T I O N O N S T E E
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Foreword. ix Preface. xiii 1 Tiltin
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CONTENTS vii Denionstration and ext
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Soil degradation is one of the majo
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FOREWORD xi tunities exist in both
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xiv PPEFACE Arledge, Max Schnepf. m
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Tilting at windmills or tighfing re
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TILTING AT WINDMILLS 5 tions is mor
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TILTING AT WINDMILLS 7 social issue
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Conserving soil by stealth T. F. Sh
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CONSERVING SOIL BY STEALTH 11 P Veg
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CONSERVING SOIL BL' STEALTH 13 To s
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CONSERVING SOIL BY STEALTH 15 on cl
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Using this line of thought, we migh
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SOIL CONSERVATION ON STEEP LANES 19
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SOIL CONSERVATION ON STEEP LANDS 21
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A N D P R I I N C I L E S P R O G R
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26 TED C. SHENG and JAMES R. MEIMAN
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28 TED C. SHENG and JAMES R. MEIMAN
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30 TED C. SHENG and JAMES R. MElMAd
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32 TED C. SHENG and JAMES R. MElMAN
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34 HANS HURNl In such systems any c
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36 HANS HURNl Peru, and many other
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38 HANS HURNl Knowledge of place of
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40 HANS HURNl - - w - 3 m VI m S e
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42 HANS HURNl Figure 5. Microbasins
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44 HANS HURNl Abstracts X, In~crnat
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46 R. LAL lcni more precisely. It i
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48 R. LAL Erosion procossrs. it is
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I A. LAL of land that were once bio
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52 R. LAL having similar interests
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Food and Agriculture Organization a
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56 D. W. SANDERS vation standpoint.
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58 D. W. SANDERS In practice. this
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60 D. W. SANDERS ing simple gully c
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62 D. W. SANDERS cct approaches hnv
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64 RAYMOND E. MEYER in an agricultu
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66 RAYMOND E. MEYER way? Is anyone
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68 RAYMOND E. MEYER preferred solut
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International activities of the Soi
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72 JERRY HAMMOND tance to foreign c
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74 JERRY HAMMOND sent professional
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Sustainable agricultural developmen
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SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMEN
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z SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPM
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1 SLJSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOP
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- taining aid maintaining conservat
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Assessirig economic benefits of soi
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Table 1. Annual land and labor ~rod
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ASSESSING ECONOMIC BENEFITS 97 BEFO
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ASSESSING ECONOMIC BENEFITS 99 BEFO
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ASSESSING ECONOMIC BENEFITS 10 1 -
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ASSESSING ECONOMIC BENEFITS 103 tar
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ASSESSING ECONOMIC BENEFITS 105 b D
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Institutional constraints soil cons
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INSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS TO SOIL C
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that human beings are rational and
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developed societies to less develop
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A N D P R A C T I C E S P R O J E C
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118 N. W. HUDSON not to extrapo!ate
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120 N. W. HUDSON the focus on semia
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122 N. W. HUDSON e:eJ Bench Terrace
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124 N. W. HUDSON a grass tha: can b
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1 126 N. W. HUDSON Even if these de
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128 N. W. HUDSON it to try to elini
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130 ERIC ROOSE from individual farm
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132 ERIC ROOSE grcssivc terracing w
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134 ERIC ROOSE Groupcment Europecn
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136 ERIC ROOSE development of crops
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138 ERIC ROOSE allowing for reorgan
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Conservation of cr
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142 DONALD B. THOMAS Pererztrinl cr
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144 DONALD 8. THOMAS of teff (Eragr
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3 DONALD B. THOMAS ter content, fre
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148 DONALD 6. THOMAS Experimenz:iI
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A review of watershed development p
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152 8. C. JOHN until another is in~
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154 B. C. JOHN required. In Korea,
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156 6. C. JOHN trated in seven subw
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l!j8 B. C. JOHN tifying the full-ti
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Of'thc bur prc!jccts, Ethiopia had
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B. C. JOHN mental cffect on iiny co
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164 B. C. JOHN are available or can
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Demonstration and extension of soil
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168 JEROME E. ARLEDGE arc always in
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170 JEROME E. ARLEDGE not ncccl the
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Soil taxonomy and stees lands Thoma
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174 TI-IOMAS E. CALHOUN ET Al.. irr
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176 THOMAS E. CALHOUN ET AL. lands
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' '9 LYNDEN S. WILLIAMS and BOB J.
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out of the conservation office to a
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182 LYNDEN S. WILLIAMS and BOB J. W
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184 LYNDEN S. WILLIAMS and BOB J. W
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18t LYNDEN S. WILLIAMS and BOB J. W
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Elephant grass for soil erosion con
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190 GRANT W. THOMAS visibility to c
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192 GRANT W. THOMAS siderably lower
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C A S E S T U D I E S A N D C O U N
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198 CARL G. WENNER for soil conserv
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200 CARL G. WENNER yields arc frequ
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TO2 CARL G. WENNER Figure 6. Terrac
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204 CARL G. WENNER ing traditions.
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206 CARL G. WENNEH prograrii of fie
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208 TED C. SHENG caused a dilemma f
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Table 1. Specifications and applica
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Table 2. Maior tvues of protected w
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214 T. C. SHENG 1 produced on the p
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216 M. G. DOUGLAS (such as I;~nd. l
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218 M. G. DOUGLAS green manures, an
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220 M. G. DOUGLAS marker ridges, in
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apidly, prvduce protein rich leaves
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224 M. G. DOUGLAS fruit trees plant
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226 M. G. DOUGLAS b The social, pol
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The Eppalock catchment project: A s
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230 D. W. SANDERS to build a feelin
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232 D. W. SANDERS quarters. Staff r
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234 MIEN-CHUN LlAO ET AL. Bccausc o
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236 v \ A0 ET AL. a broad, V-shaped
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238 MIEN-CHUN LlAO ET AL. Bahiagrii
Page 245 and 246: 240 MIEN-CHUN LlAO ET AL. Figure 6.
Page 247 and 248: Soill conservation in Peru Jeffrey
Page 249 and 250: 244 JEFFREY VONK rnation and educat
Page 251 and 252: 246 JEFFREY VONK l'liird, the lest-
Page 253 and 254: ,248 DAVl NATHAN BENVENUTI this obl
Page 255 and 256: 250 DAVl NATHAN BENVENUTI that thes
Page 257 and 258: 252 DAVl NATHAN BENVENUTI 8 percent
Page 259 and 260: 28 Watershed management in Java's u
Page 261 and 262: 256 ACHMAD M. FAG1 and CYNTHIA MACK
Page 263 and 264: 258 Act-IMAD M. FAG1 and CYNTHIA MA
Page 265 and 266: 260 ACHMAD M. FAG1 and CYNTHIA MACI
Page 271 and 272: 266 FREDERICK CHARLES TRACY ing sig
Page 273 and 274: 268 FREDERICK CHARLES TRACY The cha
Page 275 and 276: 270 RAFAEL A. VELOZ and TERRY J. LO
Page 277 and 278: 272 L. DARRELL I'IOR'TON the IBM pe
Page 279 and 280: Sail and water conservation on stee
Page 281 and 282: SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION ON STEE
Page 287 and 288: Jerome E. Arledge Director (retired
Page 289 and 290: CONTRIBUTORS 285 James R. Meini~tn
Page 291 and 292: Absorption terraces, 120 Acacia tre
Page 293 and 294: INDEX col1scrv;ltion juslific;~tion
Page 295: - INDEX Indonesia crop residue use
Page 299 and 300: INDEX Sustainability, soil conscrva
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Conservation farming on steep lands - USAid

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