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5o8 BETWEEN THE OCEAN AND THE LAKES<br />

Canal. Water-front of 5 miles ; 2I- on Lake Erie, zj- on Niagara<br />

River. Lake-front gradually rises to an extended<br />

plain, 50 feet above the water. Portion of river-front a bold<br />

bluff, 60 feet above the water. City handsomely built.<br />

Streets broad and straight. Where the waters of the lake<br />

merge in the Niagara River, Buffalo Creek enters the lake<br />

from the east antl theF'.rie Canal from the northwest. Over<br />

100 miles of asphalt streets. 15 parks, one of 442 acres.<br />

Claims to be the cleanest, best-lighted, and healthiest city<br />

in the United States. Water supply obtained from Niagara<br />

River through a tunnel extentling nearly tothe middle of the<br />

river. Gas and electric lighting ; natural gas for fuel.<br />

Electric street railways. Public buildings include customhouse,<br />

post-office, State arsenal, State armory, city and<br />

county hall and jail, general hospital, insane asylum, four<br />

orphan asylums. Several private hospitals and asylums under<br />

church care. 167 churches; State Normal School; 50 public<br />

schools ; ? medical colleges ; Buffalo Library ; Grosvenor<br />

Library. 7 Pmglish and 3 German dailies, and 20 weekly<br />

newspapers. Board of Trade <strong>org</strong>anized in 1S44 ; incorporated<br />

pers ; opera-house ; 5 hotels ; agricultural society and fair­<br />

in 1857. Merchants' F^xchange. Preeminent in the grounds ; water-works. Also on main line of Delaware,<br />

grain trade : 40 elevators, with storage capacity of 20,000,- Lackawanna and Western Railroad.<br />

000 bushels ; transportation facility, 4,000,000 bushels a day. (BLOOD'S, WAYLAND, Steuben Co.; SPRINGWATER,<br />

First elevator built in 1S43 by Joseph Dart. In live-stock WEBSTER, CONESUS, SOUTH LIVONIA, LIVONIA,<br />

trade, second only to Chicago. In steel and iron, ranks next and HAMILTON, Livingston Co. Stations for thrifty<br />

to Pittsburg, having nearly 2,000 manufactories. Annual villages in a garden spot of Western New York.)<br />

lumber trade, 400,000,000 feet. Greatest Eastern railroad AVON, Livingston Co., N. Y. From New York, 367<br />

centre : Flrie and branches, New York Central, Lake Shore miles; Rochester, 18. Population, 1,600. Farming community.<br />

system, Michigan Central, Grand Trunk, West Shore, Delaware,<br />

Lackawanna and Western, Lehigh Valley, Buffalo,<br />

Rochester and Pittsburg, Western New York and Pennsylvania,<br />

and numerous local railroads.<br />

4 churches; 1 high school; 1 parish school; 1<br />

newspaper; 2 banks ; electric lights ; natural gas belt;<br />

superior firedepartment; gravity water system; sewered;<br />

cement sidewalks ; telephone, local and long distance ; village<br />

park; soldiers' monument; opera-house; race-track.<br />

ROCHESTER DIVISION.<br />

Famous health resort. Mineral springs; large hotels and<br />

sanitariums. A place of refinement and culture in the (tonesee<br />

. [From Corning; see Susquehanna Division.)<br />

Valley. Junction of Rochester, Buffalo, and Mount<br />

PAINTED POST, Steuben Co., N. Y. From New York,<br />

293 miles; Dunkirk, 167; Buffalo, 132; Rochester, 93.<br />

Settled, 1786. Incorporated, 1893. Population, 1,000.<br />

Agricultural and manufacturing. On the Chemung tobacco<br />

belt. 3 churches ; 1 school; 1 hotel ; 1 bank. The Seneca<br />

chief, Montour, mortally wounded at the battle of Hogback,<br />

August 29, 1779, died here. A bronze statue of an Indian<br />

is erected in the public square commemorating the event.<br />

Junction of main line of Erie.<br />

(COOPERS, CURTIS, CAMPBELL, and SAVONA,<br />

Steuben Co., N. Y. Thriving agricultural villages.)<br />

BATH, Steuben Co., N. Y. From New York, 311 miles;<br />

Rochester, 74. Settled, 1793 ; incorporated, 1816. Population,<br />

3,000. Agricultural and manufacturing. 6 churches ; 1<br />

(RUSH, SCOTTSVILLE, HENRIETTA, and RED<br />

CREF^R, Monroe Co., N. Y., are bustling stations between<br />

Avon and Rochester. Scottsville has 3 churches, a union<br />

school, and extensive mills a mile and a half west of the<br />

station.)<br />

ROCHES'FER, Monroe Co., N. Y. From New- York,<br />

386 miles. First settler came in 17S8, but firstactual settlement<br />

began in 1810, made by Col. Nathaniel Rochester.<br />

school; 3 newspapers ; 6 hotels; 2 banks. New York Sailors' Incorporated as village of Rochesterville, 1817; as city of<br />

and Soldiers' Home ; Davenport Orphan Asylum. State fish Rochester, 1S34. Population in 1S17, 600 ; in 1834, 11,000;<br />

hatchery near by. Admiral Howell, United States Navy, was 1S98, estimated, 1 75,000. Port of entry. Genesee River flows<br />

born here. Bath was intended by its projectors to be the through centre of city. Unexcelled water-power; river falls<br />

metropolis of the West. It was the headquarters of the Pult-<br />

226 feet within 3 miles ; 3 perpendicular falls, 96, 26, and 84<br />

ney estate, the proprietor of which was Sir William Pultney<br />

of England. His agent, Charles Williamson, founded the<br />

place. There was a theatre, a race-course, and a newspaper<br />

here as early as 1796. Steuben County fair-grounds, property<br />

of one of the oldest agricultural societies in the State, are<br />

here. Also on Delaware, Lackawanna and Western, and Bath<br />

and Hammondsport railroads, the latter one of the first railroads<br />

incorporated in the State of New York, having been<br />

chartered in 1831, under the name of the Bath and Crooked<br />

Lake Railroad. No railroad was built, however, until 1875,<br />

when the present Bath and Hammondsport Railroad was<br />

built as a three-foot gauge. It was made standard gauge in<br />

July, 1S89.<br />

(KANONA, AVOCA, WALLACE'S, Steuben Co., N. Y.<br />

Attractive villages in a picturesque region.)<br />

COHOCTON, Steuben Co., N. Y. From New York,<br />

326 miles; Rochester, 59. Population, 1,200. Formerly<br />

great lumber centre. Agricultural and manufacturing. 6<br />

churches ; union free school; circulating library ; 2 newspa­<br />

Morris branches of the Erie. 'Phe sulphur springs here<br />

were known and used by the Indians long before the first<br />

white settlers came in the Genesee Valley. Two hundred<br />

years ago De Nouville, the French explorer, fought a fierce<br />

battle with the Indians on the present site of Avon. General<br />

Sullivan, in 1779, also invaded the valley at this point, antl<br />

drove the Indians from it forever.

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