Click to download Ethernet Basics manual - Grant Industrial Controls

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Ethernet 27 Figure 2.23: PoE, alternative B Can only be used if pair 1 and pair 4 are available (certain industrial Ethernet cables only contain pair 2 and 3) or if pair 1 and 4 are not used (so 1000Base-T is not possible).
Ethernet 28 2.7 VLAN A VLAN or Virtual Local Area Network is a group of participants in a large network that form a separate network in a logic manner. This means that several logic groups can be created on a large physical network. A VLAN has an own broadcast domain. Data packets are only transmitted within a VLAN. The participants may physically be far away from each other but have to be on one and the same physical network. Some examples of the organisation of a network: • By department: one VLAN for Sales, another VLAN for Engineering and another VLAN for Automation. • By hierarchy: one VLAN for management, another VLAN for managers and another VLAN for employees. • By use: one VLAN for users that require e-mail and another for multimedia users 2.7.1 Advantages of VLANs The greatest advantage of VLANs is the segmentation of the network. Other examples are additional security and restriction on network load. • Moving devices around: it is easier to move devices around in the network In a traditional network, cabling has to be changed when a user moves from one subnet to another. The relocation from one VLAN to another does not require change in cabling. It only requires a setting on the switch. A station from Sales can, for example, be moved to a network connection that belongs to Engineering. The port has to be set up as a member of the VLAN Engineering but does not require new cabling. • Additional security: devices of a VLAN can only communicate with devices in the same VLAN. If a device of VLAN Sales wants to communicate with the VLAN Automation, then this connection has to be set up in a router. • Restriction on network traffic: for a traditional network, broadcasts can cause an overloaded network. Broadcast messages are often sent to devices that do not need these messages. VLANs limit this problem as a broadcast message from one VLAN is not sent to the other VLAN. 2.7.2 Trunking Trunking is a method to send data from different VLANs between two switches. Only one port per device is required for this. There are different ways of trunking. • ISL: InterSwitch Link, this is a widely used proprietary protocol of Cisco • IEEE802.1Q: this is a standard that is supported by several switch manufacturers. For trunking, a piece of code (tag) is added that states which VLAN the sent package comes from. Thanks to this system, the benefits of VLAN are retained. The VLANs remain separated, even if they are spread out over different switches. A router is needed to route data traffic between the different VLANs.
Page 1 and 2: Ethernet Basics Rev. 02
Page 3 and 4: Contents ii 2.8.7 Parallel Redundan
Page 5 and 6: Contents iv 8 VPN 97 8.1 Introducti
Page 7 and 8: Introduction 2 The OSI model consis
Page 9 and 10: Introduction 4 • IEEE802.2 Logica
Page 11 and 12: Ethernet 6 • 1999: IEEE802.3ab; G
Page 13 and 14: Ethernet 8 Figure 2.1: The MAU for
Page 15 and 16: Ethernet 10 • Data transmission a
Page 17 and 18: Ethernet 12 Figure 2.4: Physical im
Page 19 and 20: Ethernet 14 Figure 2.6: The 5GHz ba
Page 21 and 22: Ethernet 16 2.3 The data link layer
Page 23 and 24: Ethernet 18 • TYPE: for the field
Page 25 and 26: Ethernet 20 a complete data frame s
Page 27 and 28: Ethernet 22 glass cabling are alway
Page 29 and 30: Ethernet 24 2.5 IEEE802.1Q tagged f
Page 31: Ethernet 26 According to the norm,
Page 35 and 36: Ethernet 30 2.8 Network redundancy
Page 37 and 38: Ethernet 32 To create a network wit
Page 39 and 40: Ethernet 34 2.9.3 Link Aggregation
Page 41 and 42: Ethernet 36 Table 2.5: Environmenta
Page 43 and 44: TCP/IP 38 The second part of the an
Page 45 and 46: TCP/IP 40 Figure 3.4: Building of t
Page 47 and 48: TCP/IP 42 Table 3.2: IP addresses f
Page 49 and 50: TCP/IP 44 Table 3.4: Subnetting and
Page 51 and 52: TCP/IP 46 3.2.7 The IP packet The d
Page 53 and 54: TCP/IP 48 3.2.8 IPv6 General The mo
Page 55 and 56: TCP/IP 50 3.3.3 How reliability is
Page 57 and 58: TCP/IP 52 - the FIN bit that is use
Page 59 and 60: TCP/IP 54 Figure 3.14: Real time au
Page 61 and 62: TCP/IP 56 3.6 Communication over TC
Page 63 and 64: TCP/IP 58 number. This combination
Page 65 and 66: TCP/IP 60 3.6.5 Status of a socket
Page 67 and 68: Extension protocols and network app
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Extension protocols and network app
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Chapter 5 The switch 5.1 General Th
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The switch 82 • mounted on DIN ra
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The switch 84 is indicated in the V
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Chapter 6 The router 6.1 Introducti
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The router 88 6.3 Types of routers
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The router 90 Figure 6.4: Adaptatio
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The router 92 Figure 6.6: Port forw
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The router 94 Figure 6.8: Principle
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The firewall 96 Packet filters are
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VPN 98 • Confidentiality: the pro
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VPN 100 Figure 8.4: Host to host ga
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Automation networks & Security 102
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