Click to download Ethernet Basics manual - Grant Industrial Controls

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Ethernet 33 A switch that support LLDP can carry out topology detection via other participants that also support LLDP. Advantages: • Improved detection of network errors • Tool for replacing modules • Better network configuration and network management LDDP information is used within engineering tools to visualise a network topology in a graphic manner. 2.9.2 IEEE 802.1x IEEE 802.1x is a security standard for authentication on each individual port of a switch. Authentication occurs even before the user is given access to the network. The recognition of an authorised user therefore occurs at Layer 2 of the OSI model. This can all be done, regardless of the hardware used, both wirelessly and with wires. IEEE 802.1x uses a protocol to exchange information with a device/user that sends a request for access to a port. The messages contain a user name and a password. The switch does not perform the identification itself but forwards the request to a RADIUS authentication server on the network. The server processes the request and gives feedback to the switch, which then opens the port for the user. There are three important players in the operation of the protocol: • The user, the client, is known in the protocol as the supplicant. • The access device, the switch or the access point is the authenticator. • The controlling device, the RADIUS infrastructure, is an authentication server. Figure 2.25: Three important players in the operation of the protocol The authentication for 802.1X is performed with a flexible authentication mechanism called the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), under which various forms of authentication are possible. This makes it possible to demand another form of authentication depending on the type of user: both strong and weak authentication. It is for instance possible to make a user name and a password compulsory for students and for staff to use a certificate. This aspect is dealt with in more detail on the section concerning security.
Ethernet 34 2.9.3 Link Aggregation with LACP to IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation (also called trunking) is a way of physical network linking and is the English term for the aggregation of several network connections with the aim of achieving higher transfer speeds. Link Aggregation can also provide a redundant connection, which adds fault tolerance to critical business systems. The technique is applied both to switches and to network interface cards (NICs). Link Aggregation is currently standardised in the IEEE 802.3ad standard. It offers the following advantages: • Increased availability of the connections • Capacity of a connection increased • Higher performance with the available hardware Today’s LAN technologies provide data rates of 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps and 1,000 Mbps. Link Aggregation can create levels in between where necessary or if a data rate greater than 1,000 Mbps is required, a high-speed connection can be provided by the grouping of several 1,000 Mbps connections. Figure 2.26: Link Aggregation Link Aggregation may be used in several ways: • Connection between two switches • Connection between switch and end station • Connection between two end stations
Page 1 and 2: Ethernet Basics Rev. 02
Page 3 and 4: Contents ii 2.8.7 Parallel Redundan
Page 5 and 6: Contents iv 8 VPN 97 8.1 Introducti
Page 7 and 8: Introduction 2 The OSI model consis
Page 9 and 10: Introduction 4 • IEEE802.2 Logica
Page 11 and 12: Ethernet 6 • 1999: IEEE802.3ab; G
Page 13 and 14: Ethernet 8 Figure 2.1: The MAU for
Page 15 and 16: Ethernet 10 • Data transmission a
Page 17 and 18: Ethernet 12 Figure 2.4: Physical im
Page 19 and 20: Ethernet 14 Figure 2.6: The 5GHz ba
Page 21 and 22: Ethernet 16 2.3 The data link layer
Page 23 and 24: Ethernet 18 • TYPE: for the field
Page 25 and 26: Ethernet 20 a complete data frame s
Page 27 and 28: Ethernet 22 glass cabling are alway
Page 29 and 30: Ethernet 24 2.5 IEEE802.1Q tagged f
Page 31 and 32: Ethernet 26 According to the norm,
Page 33 and 34: Ethernet 28 2.7 VLAN A VLAN or Virt
Page 35 and 36: Ethernet 30 2.8 Network redundancy
Page 37: Ethernet 32 To create a network wit
Page 41 and 42: Ethernet 36 Table 2.5: Environmenta
Page 43 and 44: TCP/IP 38 The second part of the an
Page 45 and 46: TCP/IP 40 Figure 3.4: Building of t
Page 47 and 48: TCP/IP 42 Table 3.2: IP addresses f
Page 49 and 50: TCP/IP 44 Table 3.4: Subnetting and
Page 51 and 52: TCP/IP 46 3.2.7 The IP packet The d
Page 53 and 54: TCP/IP 48 3.2.8 IPv6 General The mo
Page 55 and 56: TCP/IP 50 3.3.3 How reliability is
Page 57 and 58: TCP/IP 52 - the FIN bit that is use
Page 59 and 60: TCP/IP 54 Figure 3.14: Real time au
Page 61 and 62: TCP/IP 56 3.6 Communication over TC
Page 63 and 64: TCP/IP 58 number. This combination
Page 65 and 66: TCP/IP 60 3.6.5 Status of a socket
Page 67 and 68: Extension protocols and network app
Page 85 and 86: Chapter 5 The switch 5.1 General Th
Page 87 and 88: The switch 82 • mounted on DIN ra
Page 89 and 90:
The switch 84 is indicated in the V
Page 91 and 92:
Chapter 6 The router 6.1 Introducti
Page 93 and 94:
The router 88 6.3 Types of routers
Page 95 and 96:
The router 90 Figure 6.4: Adaptatio
Page 97 and 98:
The router 92 Figure 6.6: Port forw
Page 99 and 100:
The router 94 Figure 6.8: Principle
Page 101 and 102:
The firewall 96 Packet filters are
Page 103 and 104:
VPN 98 • Confidentiality: the pro
Page 105 and 106:
VPN 100 Figure 8.4: Host to host ga
Page 107 and 108:
Automation networks & Security 102
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115:
show all

Click to download Ethernet Basics manual - Grant Industrial Controls

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?