∆Ô πÙ·ÏÈÎfi ı·‡Ì· The Italian miracle
ÙÂÙÚ¿‰· ÙˆÓ ÌÂ۷ȈÓÈÎÒÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÔ˘ÚÁËÌ¿ÙˆÓ, ÂÓ Ì¤ÚÂÈ ÎÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ Ì ٷ ÏÔ‡ÙË Ù˘ ÃÚ˘Û‹˜ ∂Ô¯‹˜ Ù˘ ›˙·˜, fiÙ·Ó Ë fiÏË ‹Ù·Ó Ì›· ·fi ÙȘ Ó·˘ÙÈÏȷΤ˜ ‰˘Ó¿ÌÂȘ Ù˘ ªÂÛÔÁ›Ԣ. ∆Ô ·Ú¯¤Ù˘Ô ÙÔ˘ ηı‰ÚÈÎÔ‡ Ó·Ô‡, ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi Ù˘ ªÂ۷ȈÓÈ΋˜ ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ΋˜ Ù˘ ›˙·˜, ¿Ú¯ÈÛ ӷ ηٷÛ΢¿˙ÂÙ·È ÙÔ 1063 Ì ÙÔÓ ÊfiÚÔ Ù˘ ‰ÂοÙ˘ ·fi ÙȘ µ·Ï·ڛ‰Â˜ Ó‹ÛÔ˘˜, Î·È Î·ı·ÁÈ¿ÛÙËΠÙÔ 1118. √ ηı‰ÚÈÎfi˜ Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· ·ÚÈÛÙÔ‡ÚÁËÌ· Ù˘ Ù¤¯Ó˘, Ì ٷ Ôχ¯ÚˆÌ· Ì¿ÚÌ·Ú· ÙÔ˘ Î·È ÙȘ ÔÏϷϤ˜ ÂÈÚÚÔ¤˜ ·fi ÙË §ÔÌ‚·Ú‰È΋ - ∂ÌÈÏÈ·Ó‹, µ˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹ Î·È πÛÏ·ÌÈ΋ Ù¤¯ÓË. ∆Ô ı¤·Ì· ÙÔ˘ ‡ÚÁÔ˘ Â›Ó·È ÌÔÓ·‰ÈÎfi, ÂÓÒ ÙÔ µ·ÙÈÛÙ‹ÚÈÔ ı· ÂÎÙÈÌËı› Î·È ·fi ÙÔÓ ÈÔ ··ÈÙËÙÈÎfi ÂÈÛΤÙË. ∆Ô ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ ηı‰ÚÈÎÔ‡, fiˆ˜ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È Â‰Ò, ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÓ·ÏÏ·Á‹ Ì·‡ÚÔ˘ Î·È Ï¢ÎÔ‡ Ì·ÚÌ¿ÚÔ˘, Î·È ÔÈ ÎÔÚÈÓıÈ·ÎÔ‡ Ú˘ıÌÔ‡ ÎÔÏÒÓ˜ ·fi ÁÚ·Ó›ÙË ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ Ù¤ÌÂÓÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ·Ï¤ÚÌÔ, ÎÂÈÌ‹ÏÈ· ÔϤÌÔ˘ ·fi ÙË Ó›ÎË ÙÔ˘ 1063. ª›· ·fi ÙȘ ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁ˜ ÏÂÙÔ̤ÚÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈÎÔ‡ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÌˆÛ·˚Îfi Ù˘ ·„›‰·˜ Ì ÙËÓ ÂÈÎfiÓ· Ù˘ ·Ó·Á›·˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ πˆ¿ÓÓË ÙÔ˘ ∂˘·ÁÁÂÏÈÛÙ‹, ¤ÚÁÔ Ô˘ ÔÏÔÎÏËÚÒıËΠÙÔ 1302 ·fi ÙÔÓ πÙ·Ïfi ˙ˆÁÚ¿ÊÔ Cimabue. ›Ûˆ ·fi ÙËÓ ·Á›· ÙÚ¿Â˙· ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È 27 ˙ˆÁÚ·ÊȤ˜ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ηχÙÂÚÔ˘˜ ˙ˆÁÚ¿ÊÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ∆ÔÛοÓ˘ ÙÔ˘ 16Ô˘ Î·È 17Ô˘ ·ÈÒÓ·. ªÂÙ¿ ı· ‰Â›Ù ÙÔÓ ¿Ì‚ˆÓ·, ¤Ó· ·ÚÈÛÙÔ‡ÚÁËÌ· ÁÔÙıÈ΋˜ ÁÏ˘ÙÈ΋˜ ÙÔ˘ 14Ô˘ ·ÈÒÓ·, ¤ÚÁÔ ÙÔ˘ Giovanni Pisano, Ô˘ ·Ó··ÚÈÛÙ¿ ÛÎËÓ¤˜ ·fi ÙË ˙ˆ‹ ÙÔ˘ πËÛÔ‡. ÕÏϘ ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁ˜ ÏÂÙÔ̤ÚÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈÎÔ‡ Â›Ó·È Ô ÌÚÔ‡Ù˙ÈÓÔ˜ ∂ÛÙ·˘ÚˆÌ¤ÓÔ˜ Î·È Ù· ÎËÚÔ‹ÁÈ· Ù˘ ·Á›·˜ ÙÚ¿Â˙·˜ ÛÙÔ ·ÚÂÎÎÏ‹ÛÈ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ª˘ÛÙËÚ›Ô˘. ∏ ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· ÛÙÂÁ¿˙ÂÈ Ù· ÎÂÈÌ‹ÏÈ· ÙÔ˘ San Ranieri, ÙÔÓ ÚÔÛÙ¿ÙË ¿ÁÈÔ Ù˘ ›˙·˜, Î·È ÙÔÓ Ù¿ÊÔ ÙÔ˘ ¿ÁÈÔ˘ ڈ̷›Ô˘ ·˘ÙÔÎÚ¿ÙÔÚ·, Henry VII ÙÔ˘ §Ô˘ÍÂÌ‚Ô‡ÚÁÔ˘. ∆Ô ·Ï¿ÙÈ ÙˆÓ πÔÙÒÓ (Il Palazzo dei Cavalieri) ∞˘Ùfi ‹Ù·Ó ÙÔ ‰ÈÔÈÎËÙÈÎfi ΤÓÙÚÔ Ù˘ ÌÂ۷ȈÓÈ΋˜ ÂÚÈfi‰Ô˘ Î·È ÔÓÔÌ¿˙ÂÙ·È «Palazzo della Carovana dei Cavalieri» Î·È Ë ÚfiÛÔ„Ë ÙÔ˘ ηχÙÂÙ·È ÂÍ’ ÔÏÔÎÏ‹ÚÔ˘ ·fi ÙÔȯÔÁڷʛ˜ ÙÔ˘ 16Ô˘ ·ÈÒÓ·. ‹ÌÂÚ· Â›Ó·È Ë ¤‰Ú· ÙÔ˘ «Scuola Normale Superiore», ¤Ó· ·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ Ô˘ ȉڇıËΠ·fi ÙÔÓ ¡·ÔϤÔÓÙ·. ªÂÚÈÎÔ› ‰È¿ÛËÌÔÈ ·fiÊÔÈÙÔÈ ÙÔ˘ ·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Ô ÔÈËÙ‹˜ Giosuè Carducci Î·È Ô Ê˘ÛÈÎfi˜ Enrico Fermi. ∏ «Piazza dei Cavalieri» (Ï·Ù›· ÙˆÓ ÈÔÙÒÓ) Èı·ÓÒ˜ ‹Ù·Ó Î·È Ô ¯ÒÚÔ˜ Ù˘ ڈ̷˚΋˜ ·ÁÔÚ¿˜ Î·È ‹Ù·Ó Ë ÎÂÓÙÚÈ΋ ‰ËÌÔÙÈ΋ Ï·Ù›· Ù˘ ¢ËÌÔÎÚ·ÙÈ΋˜ ›˙·˜. ¢È·ÌÔÚÊÒıËΠ·fi ÙÔÓ Cosimo I de' Medici – ÙÔ˘ ÔÔ›Ô˘ ÙÔ ¿Á·ÏÌ· ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÌÚÔÛÙ¿ ·fi ÙÔ ·Ï¿ÙÈ - ÁÈ· Ó· ÛÙÂÁ¿ÛÂÈ ÙËÓ ¤‰Ú· Ù˘ ÛÙÚ·ÙȈÙÈ΋˜ ‰ÈÔ›ÎËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ÈÔÙÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ÙÂÊ¿ÓÔ˘. ∏ Ï·Ù›· ·Ó·Ï¿ÛÙËΠ·ÚÁfiÙÂÚ· ·fi ÙÔÓ ºÏˆÚÂÓÙ›ÓÔ ·Ú¯ÈÙ¤ÎÙÔÓ· Giorgio Vasari Î·È ÔÈ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ ¿Ú¯ÈÛ·Ó ÙÔ 1562. √È ·Ú·ÔÙ¿ÌÈÔÈ ‰ÚfiÌÔÈ ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ Arno (Lungarni): ∆¤¯ÓË Î·È æ˘¯·ÁˆÁ›· √È ·Ú·ÔÙ¿ÌÈÔÈ ‰ÚfiÌÔÈ ÙÔ˘ ÔÙ·ÌÔ‡ Arno (Lungarni) ¿ÓÙ· ‹Ù·Ó ÔÈ Î˘ÚÈfiÙÂÚ˜ Ô‰ÈΤ˜ ·ÚÙËڛ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ fiÏË. ∂‰Ò, ÙÔ ·ÚÂÏıfiÓ Û˘Ó·ÓÙ¿ÂÈ ÙÔ Ì¤ÏÏÔÓ, ηıÒ˜ ÂÛÙÈ·ÙfiÚÈ·, ÌÔÓÙ¤ÚÓ˜ pubs Î·È ·ÁˆÙ·Ù˙›‰Èη ·ÚÂÏ·‡ÓÔ˘Ó ‰›Ï· ÛÙ· ÈÛÙÔÚÈο ÎÙ›ÚÈ·, ÛÙ· ÌÔ˘Û›· Î·È ÛÙȘ ÂÎÎÏËۛ˜. √ ÔÙ·Ìfi˜ Arno, Ô˘ ¯ˆÚ›˙ÂÈ ÙËÓ ›˙· ÛÙ· ‰‡Ô, Î·È ÔÈ ·Ú·ÔÙ¿ÌÈÔÈ ‰ÚfiÌÔÈ ÙÔ˘, Â›Ó·È ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚÔ˘˜ Ì¿ÚÙ˘Ú˜ Ù˘ ÈÛÙÔÚ›·˜ Ù˘ fiÏ˘. √ ÈÔ ‰È¿ÛËÌÔ˜ ·Ú·ÔÙ¿ÌÈÔ˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˜ Â›Ó·È Ô «Lungarno Mediceo» - ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙÔ «Ponte di Mezzo» (ÂÈÎfiÓ·) Î·È ÙÔ «Ponte della Fortezza» – Ô˘ ‹Ú ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· ÙÔ˘ ·fi ÙÔ «Palazzo dè Medici», ÙËÓ Î·ÙÔÈΛ· Ù˘ ºÏˆÚÂÓÙÈ·Ó‹˜ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ·˜ Ô˘ ÙÒÚ· ÛÙÂÁ¿˙ÂÈ ÙËÓ ¡ÔÌ·Ú¯›·. ¢›Ï· ·ÎÚÈ‚Ò˜ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ë ÂÎÎÏËÛ›· ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ª·Ùı·›Ô˘ (San Matteo) Ô˘ ηٷÛ΢¿ÛÙËΠÙÔÓ 11Ô ·ÈÒÓ· Î·È ÙÔ ∂ıÓÈÎfi ªÔ˘ÛÂ›Ô ÙÔ˘ ∞Á›Ô˘ ª·Ùı·›Ô˘ (Museo Nazionale di San Matteo) Ì ¤ÚÁ· ÙÔ˘ 14Ô˘ ·ÈÒÓ· ·fi ‰È¿ÛËÌÔ˘˜ ηÏÏÈÙ¤¯Ó˜, fiˆ˜ ÙÔ˘ Donatello, Masaccio, Beato Angelico Î·È ÙÔ˘ Gentile da Fabriano. ÙȘ 16 πÔ˘Ó›Ô˘, ÙË Ì¤Ú· Ô˘ ÁÈÔÚÙ¿˙ÂÙ·È Ô ÚÔÛÙ¿Ù˘ ¿ÁÈÔ˜ Ù˘ fiÏ˘, ÔÈ ·Ú·ÔÙ¿ÌÈÔÈ ‰ÚfiÌÔÈ ÊˆÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ì ·Ó·Ì̤ÓÔ˘˜ ˘ÚÛÔ‡˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ÊÂÛÙÈ‚¿Ï «Luminara di San Ranieri», Ì›· ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛȷ΋ ÁÈÔÚÙ‹ ÛÙÔ ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi ÔÙ¿ÌÈ Ù˘ fiÏ˘. Florentine architect Giorgio Vasari; rebuilding began in 1562. Lungarni, Art and Entertainment The Lungarni have always been major thoroughfares for the city. Here, the contamination between past and present is readily apparent with ancient palazzi, museums and churches rubbing shoulders with pubs, restaurants and ice cream shops. The Arno, which splits Pisa in two, and the Lungarni streets facing each other on opposite banks of the river, bear witness to the city's history. The most well-known is Lungarno Mediceo - between the Ponte di Mezzo (pictured) and the Ponte della Fortezza - named after Palazzo dè Medici, the Pisan residence of the Florentine family which now houses the Prefecture; next to it is the 11th century church of San Matteo in Soarta and the Museo Nazionale di San Matteo with 14th century works by - among others - Donatello, Masaccio, Beato Angelico and Gentile da Fabriano. On 16 June, the local patron saint's day, the Lungarni are lit up by blazing torches for the Luminara di San Ranieri, a celebration like no other. MINOAN WAVE ñ
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