Linguistic Modeling for Multilingual Machine Translation

More documents

Recommendations

Info

34 CHAPTER 3. DIVERGENCES ACROSS LANGUAGES 3.10 Interaction of Phenomena All the phenomena listed above mayinteract in many ways. The change in the part of speech, for example, may change the type of functional marking between syntactic, morphological or lexical marking. The inuence may work the other way round as well: The availability of functional markers may inuence the choice of the part of speech, as shown in the example erpressbar { can be blackmailed (35), pg.29. By the same token, the presence or absence of arguments may cause a change in the part of speech, as the examples in (47) show. (47) French: a. Le the professeur teacher m'a reproche d'avoir trop mange. me has reproached to have to much eaten `The teacher reproached me for having eaten too much.' b. * Le professeur m'a reproche. the teacher me has reproached c. Le professeur m'a fait des reproches. the teacher me has made of the reproaches `The teacher reproached me.' The presence of an argument may equally require a 'support structure', as for example a copula verb (cf. (48)). These 'support structures' may inthesame way be required by sometypes of functional markings, as shown in (cf. (49)) (48) a. the proud man b. * the proud of his son man c. the man who is proud of his son (49) a. the proud man b. * the too proud man c. the man who is too proud As the examples of chain transpositions show, the properties of one word may inuence the structure of the whole sentence. Changes of the diathesis changes the syntactic functions of the arguments and with them their morphological and syntactic properties, while the choice of the diathesis depends on language specic constraints. The interaction between argument switching and the dropping of the pronoun has already been mentioned in (41b-c).
3.10. INTERACTION OF PHENOMENA 35 As I shall show in the following chapter, the mechanisms which have been developed to handle divergences between languages by reference to the form or the functions instead of the meaning may handle isolated phenomena of divergences but cannot account for the full range of interactions of these phenomena.
Page 1: Universitat des Saarlandes { Philos
Page 5 and 6: Contents Conventions, Transcription
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS vii 8.2 The Hierarchy of A
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS ix
Page 11 and 12: transliteration Cyrillic characters
Page 13 and 14: CONVENTIONS TRANSCRIPTIONS ABBREVIA
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 About th
Page 17 and 18: 1.2. THE LINGUIST'S CONTRIBUTION TO
Page 19 and 20: 1.3. AN EXEMPLARY ANALYSIS 5 d. Nud
Page 21 and 22: 1.4. OVERVIEW OF THE THESIS 7 meani
Page 23 and 24: 1.4. OVERVIEW OF THE THESIS 9 A sum
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 2 CAT2: Formalism and Desig
Page 27 and 28: 2.1. THE FORMALISM 13 Tree structur
Page 29 and 30: 2.1. THE FORMALISM 15 (13) @rule(b)
Page 31 and 32: 2.2. MODULARITY 17 operator, it als
Page 33 and 34: 2.2. MODULARITY 19 (19) ___________
Page 35 and 36: 2.2. MODULARITY 21 8 Morphological
Page 37 and 38: 2.2. MODULARITY 23 macro OBLIGATION
Page 39 and 40: function words Chapter 3 Divergence
Page 41 and 42: 3.3. GRAMMATICALIZATION VS. LEXICAL
Page 43 and 44: 3.5. CHAIN TRANSPOSITION 29 b. Fren
Page 45 and 46: 3.7. DROPPING PRONOUNS 31 Equally,
Page 47: 3.9. INFLATION 33 (44) French: la t
Page 51 and 52: direct approach Chapter 4 Structure
Page 53 and 54: 4.2. THE INTERFACE APPROACH 39 (51)
Page 55 and 56: 4.3. THE LEXICAL APPROACH 41 (57) 2
Page 57 and 58: Chapter 5 Units for Translation For
Page 59 and 60: 5.1. CONCEPTS 45 according to the p
Page 61 and 62: & ' $ % 5.1. CONCEPTS 47 it new sem
Page 63 and 64: 5.3. REPRESENTING TERMS 49 An addit
Page 65 and 66: 5.3. REPRESENTING TERMS 51 needed 8
Page 67 and 68: 5.3. REPRESENTING TERMS 53 time (cf
Page 69 and 70: obligatory oppositions Chapter 6 F{
Page 71 and 72: 6.1. FUNCTIONAL HEAD{STRUCTURE 57 (
Page 73 and 74: 6.2. FUNCTIONAL COMPLETENESS 59 wit
Page 75 and 76: 6.2. FUNCTIONAL COMPLETENESS 61 (89
Page 77 and 78: 6.3. TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONAL CATEGOR
Page 79 and 80: neutralization Chapter 7 Determinat
Page 81 and 82: 7.2. REFERENCE TYPE 67 7.2 Referenc
Page 83 and 84: 7.3. CONCEPTUAL BOUNDEDNESS 69 on t
Page 85 and 86: 7.4. CROSSING THE PART OF SPEECH 71
Page 87 and 88: 7.4. CROSSING THE PART OF SPEECH 73
Page 89 and 90: thematic role syntactic functions C
Page 91 and 92: 8.1. THEMATIC ROLES 77 In addition
Page 93 and 94: 8.2. THE HIERARCHY OF ARGUMENTS 79
Page 95 and 96: 8.3. ARGUMENT INHERITANCE 81 become
Page 97 and 98: 8.4. ARGUMENT SLOTS 83 8.4 Argument
Page 99 and 100:
8.4. ARGUMENT SLOTS 85 8.4.2 Semant
Page 101 and 102:
8.4. ARGUMENT SLOTS 87 The abstract
Page 103 and 104:
8.6. ACCESSIBILITY OF THE HEAD POSI
Page 105 and 106:
contextual pronouns Chapter 9 Prono
Page 107 and 108:
9.2. TEXTUAL PRONOUNS 93 9.2 Textua
Page 109 and 110:
9.3. SUBJECT PRO-DROP 95 with the q
Page 111 and 112:
9.4. IMPERATIVE CLAUSES 97 9.4 Impe
Page 113 and 114:
9.5. CONTROL STRUCTURES 99 `He hope
Page 115 and 116:
Chapter 10 M-Structures From a sema
Page 117 and 118:
10.1. FROM INTERNAL TO EXTERNAL ARG
Page 119 and 120:
10.3. M-STRUCTURES FOR TRANSLATION
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Chapter 11 Lexical Functions In the
Page 127 and 128:
11.1. MAGNIFIER 113 (168) a. German
Page 129 and 130:
11.3. GENERIC SUPPORT 115 (173) a.
Page 131 and 132:
11.3. GENERIC SUPPORT 117 T2 n p b.
Page 133 and 134:
11.4. SUPPORT VERB CONSTRUCTION 119
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
11.6. COPULATIVE STRUCTURES 125 11.
Page 141 and 142:
Summary and Conclusions Summary In
Page 143 and 144:
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 129 Conclus
Page 145 and 146:
actualization ALEP ANTHEM Glossary
Page 147 and 148:
GLOSSARY 133 sta of the Eurotra gro
Page 149 and 150:
Bibliographical Abbreviations COLIN
Page 151 and 152:
Bibliography [Abb and Maienborn94]
Page 153 and 154:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 139 [Bresnan82b] Joan
Page 155 and 156:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 141 [Danon-Boileau87]
Page 157 and 158:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 143 [Heylen et al.93]
Page 159 and 160:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 145 [Luckhardt and Zim
Page 161 and 162:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 147 [Pereira and M.87]
Page 163 and 164:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 149 [Sharp91] Randall
Page 165 and 166:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 151 [ Svedova80] N.Ju
Page 167 and 168:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 151
Page 169 and 170:
Subject Index ALEP pg. 131 ANTHEM p
show all

Linguistic Modeling for Multilingual Machine Translation

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?