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Table 5.1: Physical performance and problems related to the options. 34
5.4 Quality of Water Microbiological quality of water is regarded as one of the most common indicators of safe water. E. coli and thermo-tolerant bacteria/FC bacteria are commonly used in many countries, including Bangladesh, as microbiological indicators for drinking water quality. There should be no FC bacteria count (colony forming unit) per 100 ml sample. Figure 5.2 shows the schematic drawing of the piped water distribution system and the household water storage facilities. The water was directly pumped to the taps, without the use of an overhead tank. Water was pumped for 3 to 4 hours in the morning and for about the same period during the afternoon. Some households constructed a small brick or concrete tank around a tap, as shown in Figure 5.2, while some others did not and left it as it is. The households that constructed these tanks did so because, they wanted to store the water for the use of carrying out various domestic activities during the hours the water was not being pumped. Figure 5.2 also shows a schematic drawing of a storage container, and these were used to collect the water directly from the tap during the hours of when the water would be pumped; after which these containers would be stored inside the houses. Five water samples were collected from taps in Blocks A (Pt. A-1 and A-2), B (Pt. B), C (Pt. C) and D (Pt. D), and another sample was collected outside of Block C (Pt. Outside-1). Sampling points in Block A, B and C were close to the main pump, which were in the middle of the distribution system, and the sampling point in Block D was away from the main pump at the end of the distribution system. In addition, where available, water samples of storage tanks and containers, both in and outside of the blocks, were also collected; water from these tanks and containers come from the taps that were sampled. Furthermore, a water sample from an underground storage tank installed outside the blocks by Dushtha Shasthya Kendra (DSK), a Bangladeshi NGO, was also collected. The FC count from the sample collected directly at the main pump house was zero, meaning that the quality of the ground water was safe when extracted. The quality of water at household taps, storage tanks and storage containers are shown in Table 5.2. The results indicate that the water at the tap point was contaminated. In addition, the level of contamination increased significantly in majority of the storage containers at the households where the sampling was conducted. Table 5.2: Quality of water at household taps, storage tanks and storage containers. 35
Page 2 and 3: Authors Dr. Bilqis Amin Hoque, Envi
Page 5 and 6: Contents Foreword 5 Executive Summa
Page 7 and 8: Foreword Water and sanitation (WS)
Page 9 and 10: drinking water. All the various sam
Page 11 and 12: Lessons Learned and Recommendations
Page 13 and 14: List of Tables, Figures, Maps and P
Page 15: List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
Page 18 and 19: Photo 1.1 : A Street in Bauniabad P
Page 20 and 21: Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Backgrou
Page 22 and 23: Bauniabad was established as a spec
Page 24 and 25: 2.2 Water and Sanitation Educationa
Page 26 and 27: system in Bauniabad. For the trial
Page 28 and 29: scopes (financial resources) to obs
Page 30 and 31: Chapter 3 Methodology The cross-sec
Page 32 and 33: Chapter 4 Social Variables The soci
Page 34 and 35: when the people found the biogas ba
Page 38 and 39: As the supply was not continuous, t
Page 40 and 41: It was observed that initially thos
Page 42 and 43: Chapter 6 Sanitation Sanitation pro
Page 44 and 45: 6.3 Costs and Financial Aspects The
Page 46 and 47: and E in different years (1996-2002
Page 48 and 49: The effluents from the systems of B
Page 50 and 51: 48 • There should be research and
Page 52 and 53: 7.4 Observations of Water Use Pract
Page 54 and 55: Chapter 8 Lessons Learned and Recom
Page 56 and 57: the people had access to safe hygie
Page 58 and 59: Appendix 1 Summary Report of the Fi
Page 60 and 61: 14:00-15:30 Technical Session II co
Page 62 and 63: Appendix 2 Base Line Survey Form St
Page 64 and 65: SANITATION S-1: Use of Latrine:
Page 66 and 67: Table A-3.1: Results of the analysi
Page 68 and 69: 66 Table A-4.1: Sources of water us
Page 70 and 71: Table A-4.3: Sanitation practices i
Page 72: 70
Page 75 and 76: human poverty. UNDP, New York. UNIC
Page 77: Edited by L.S. Clesceri, A.E. Green

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