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the people had access to safe hygienic water, their management of the water was unsatisfactory, which led to the water becoming contaminated before they used it. This was most evident with the method in which they constructed the brick tanks around the tap, leading contaminated water to back flow into the system. In addition to this factor, the people were also not aware of the importance of keeping their water containers cleaned to avoid further contamination. Though these factors hindered some of the people’s utilization of the safe hygienic water, another factor was that since the water was only being pumped for a certain amount of hours a day, some people were forced to use the pond water when they could not finish their water related activities within the time the water was pumped. From this experience we can see that there is a strong need for hygiene related education programmes among the people, especially concerning sanitation and the safe management of water. It is evident that the introduction of new options alone is not sufficient to change the behavior of the people. The introduction of new options must be coupled with adequate education programmes in order to inform the people the important health related benefits these options will provide them. The education programmes must also do more than just inform the people, they should aim to educate the people how to best utilize the options in the most appropriate way and also cultivate a sense of responsibility among them when it comes to hygiene. Furthermore, it is very necessary to re-conduct these education programmes regularly in order to remind the existing residents and to especially inform possible new residents. It is vital to carry out such programmes to effectively achieve the major objectives of WS projects, namely providing both hygienic safe water and sanitation. Installation of improved WS options alone, without effective awareness raising/ education programmes, cannot be expected to achieve improved WS conditions. Recommendations - Community WS projects should be coupled with appropriate awareness raising and education programmes to more effectively achieve the objectives of the projects. - Awareness raising and education programmes should be conducted regularly in order to inform existing residents, and especially new residents, about the importance of hygiene and safe water in relation to a healthy life style. 8.5 Need for Adequate Documentation Lessons learned Various attempts have been made to improve water and sanitation conditions in Bauniabad in the past ten years, which gives us important lessons to be learned through success and failure stories. However, through this study, it was found that much information had been lost. Due to the unplanned interruptions and financial crisis, the R&D stopped before its completion. The data collected during the R&D phase was not properly preserved. For instance, we investigated the detailed information of the tests, including performance, test methodologies and results during the R&D in order to provide us insight on the comparison of the biogas based sewerage system and the septic tank system. However, data obtained by limited tests over a few months were lost except the main reported values. The data could possibly provide us with an insight as to why the systems did not show expected performance during the scaled up stage. Since the same system would not be able to be replicated at sites with different social, cultural and economic conditions, not only adoption and implementation of the WS projects, but also the documentation of the adoption processes with detailed technological/engineering as well as social, cultural and economic information are vital for the next step towards replication. Recommendations - Not only adoption and implementation, but also process of adoption should be considered crucial for community based WS projects. - All community based WS projects should undertake documentation of adoption processes with detailed information including technological/engineering as well as social, cultural and economic aspects. 54
Appendices Appendix 1 Summary report of the final workshop 55
Page 2 and 3:
Authors Dr. Bilqis Amin Hoque, Envi
Page 5 and 6: Contents Foreword 5 Executive Summa
Page 7 and 8: Foreword Water and sanitation (WS)
Page 9 and 10: drinking water. All the various sam
Page 11 and 12: Lessons Learned and Recommendations
Page 13 and 14: List of Tables, Figures, Maps and P
Page 15: List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
Page 18 and 19: Photo 1.1 : A Street in Bauniabad P
Page 20 and 21: Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Backgrou
Page 22 and 23: Bauniabad was established as a spec
Page 24 and 25: 2.2 Water and Sanitation Educationa
Page 26 and 27: system in Bauniabad. For the trial
Page 28 and 29: scopes (financial resources) to obs
Page 30 and 31: Chapter 3 Methodology The cross-sec
Page 32 and 33: Chapter 4 Social Variables The soci
Page 34 and 35: when the people found the biogas ba
Page 36 and 37: Table 5.1: Physical performance and
Page 38 and 39: As the supply was not continuous, t
Page 40 and 41: It was observed that initially thos
Page 42 and 43: Chapter 6 Sanitation Sanitation pro
Page 44 and 45: 6.3 Costs and Financial Aspects The
Page 46 and 47: and E in different years (1996-2002
Page 48 and 49: The effluents from the systems of B
Page 50 and 51: 48 • There should be research and
Page 52 and 53: 7.4 Observations of Water Use Pract
Page 54 and 55: Chapter 8 Lessons Learned and Recom
Page 58 and 59: Appendix 1 Summary Report of the Fi
Page 60 and 61: 14:00-15:30 Technical Session II co
Page 62 and 63: Appendix 2 Base Line Survey Form St
Page 64 and 65: SANITATION S-1: Use of Latrine:
Page 66 and 67: Table A-3.1: Results of the analysi
Page 68 and 69: 66 Table A-4.1: Sources of water us
Page 70 and 71: Table A-4.3: Sanitation practices i
Page 72: 70
Page 75 and 76: human poverty. UNDP, New York. UNIC
Page 77: Edited by L.S. Clesceri, A.E. Green
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