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CIVIL & STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Foundation and sub-structure By using large bored pile sizes and avoiding large pilecap construction and deep excavation, piling design was optimised and construction time was reduced. By adopting repetitive and standard grids, it was possible to achieve approximately uniform loads acting on the foundation, allowing standardisation of pile sizes. Pilecaps were detailed to integrate with the lower ground slab as part of the flat slab design. The pilecaps also acted as a drop panel to provide shear resistance, and were detailed to integrate with the lower ground beam as well, to eliminate construction of stumps. The lower ground floor was designed as a flat slab with droppanel construction, thus avoiding deep beams that would have increased the cost of construction. The use of bored piles also reduced vibration and noise to the surroundings. Precast structures In view of the short construction period, the adopted building structural system had to be buildable and the speed of construction was a major consideration. In general, the structural system adopted for this project comprises precast hollow core slabs supported by precast RC beams. The design approach was to eliminate or minimise formwork, props and scaffolding. Precast beams were designed without props and are supported on corbels. The corbels are designed to take the self-weight of the beam only during installation. In service, the load from the beam is transferred directly to the column by the end face of the beams. To ensure proper transfer of load from the end face of the precast beams, shear keys are provided on the end face. The hollow core slabs were precast, pre-tensioned and designed to span 12 m without the use of any props. WORKSHOPS HEADQUARTERS By adopting repetitive and standard grids, it was possible to achieve approximately uniform loads acting on the foundation, allowing standardisation of pile sizes. In total, more than 15,000 structural precast units were prefabricated and all were erected within nine months. 30 THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER October 2012
CIVIL & STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Numerous precast and prefabricated structural elements were designed and adopted. These include beams, single ‘T’ slabs, planks, hollow core slabs, reinforced concrete walls, staircase flights, and welded mesh for concrete topping. In total, more than 15,000 structural precast units were prefabricated and all were erected within nine months. The project achieved high construction productivity with several ‘value added’ outcomes that included eliminating formwork / staging, which resulted in cleaner and safer working environments; minimising the number of lifts; creating even surfaces that required only a skim coat finish instead of plastering; achieving better quality control which resulted in higher quality finishes; minimising the use of labour; and facilitating earlier commencement of other trades such as M&E and architectural works. Steel structures Steel has been widely used in this development. Having superior strength/unit weight, steel permitted considerable flexibility in design, as well as accuracy in installation, and contributed to a shorter construction time and a safer working environment. Prefabricated steel structures were designed for the environmental canopy, link-bridges, spectator gallery roof, sports hall roof, auditorium roof, the forum and amphitheatre. This article was written, based on information, including text and images, provided by RSP Architects Planners & Engineers (Pte) Ltd. PROJECT DATA Project ITE College Central Project Address 2 Ang Mo Kio Drive, Singapore 567720 Site Area 10.6 ha (106,116 m 2 ) Gross Floor Area 192,820 m 2 Plot Ratio 1.817 Carparking Lots 682 lots Completion Date 4 October 2012 Steel is also widely used in this development. Having superior strength/unit weight, steel permitted considerable flexibility in design, as well as accuracy in installation. PROJECT CREDITS Client The Institute of Technical Education (ITE) Architect RSP Architects Planners & Engineers (Pte) Ltd Structural Engineer RSP Architects Planners & Engineers (Pte) Ltd M&E Engineer Squire Mech Pte Ltd Landscape Consultant Grant Associates Main Contractor Kajima Overseas Asia Pte Ltd October 2012 THE SINGAPORE ENGINEER 31
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