RADIATION PROTECTION - ILEA

Contents
xix
4.5 Calibration of Survey Meters 288
4.6 Beta Dose-Rate Measurements 294
4.7 Neutron Monitoring 295
5 Measuring Accumulated Doses over Extended Periods—Personnel
and Environmental Monitoring 296
5.1 Use of Biodosimetry in Reconstructing Radiation Exposures 300
6 Specifying Statistical Variations in Counting Results 302
6.1 Nature of Counting Distributions 303
6.2 Sample Average and Confidence Limits 304
6.3 Standard Deviation 305
6.4 The Normal Error Curve—A Good Fit for Count Distributions 306
6.5 Precision of a Single Radiation Measurement 308
6.6 The Effect of Background on the Precision
of Radiation Measurements 309
6.7 The Precision of the Ratio of Two Measurements 312
6.8 Testing the Distribution of a Series of Counts—
The Chi-Square Test 312
6.9 Measurements at the Limits of Sensitivity of Detectors 314
7 Comments on Making Accurate Measurements 320
PART FIVE Practical Aspects of the Use of Radionuclides 322
1 Obtaining Authorization to Use Radionuclides 323
1.1 Administration of Radioactive Material to Humans 327
1.2 Requirements for Obtaining Approval to Use New
Radioactive Drugs 328
1.3 Protection of the Patient in Nuclear Medicine 329
2 Training Required for Working with Radionuclides 332
2.1 Implementation of a Training Program 333
2.2 Radiation Safety within a Comprehensive Institutional Program
in Laboratory Safety 334
3 Responsibilities of Radionuclide Users 336
4 Standards for Protection against Radiation 337
5 Personnel Monitoring for External Radiation Exposure 338
5.1 Ambiguities in Using the Personnel Dosimeter Dose as a Surrogate
for Personnel Dose 339
6 Monitoring Personnel Subject to Intakes of Radioactive Material 339
7 NRC and ICRP Values for Annual Limits on Intake and Airborne
Radioactivity Concentration Limits 342
7.1 Air Monitoring for Environmental Radioactivity 349