RADIATION PROTECTION - ILEA

Contents
xxi
Appendix A: Emergency Instructions in the Event of Release of Radioactivity
and Contamination of Personnel 386
A.1 Objectives of Remedial Action 386
A.2 Procedures for Dealing with Minor Spills
and Contamination 386
A.3 Personnel Decontamination 387
A.4 Major Releases of Airborne Radioactivity as a Result
of Explosions, Leakage of High-Level Sealed Gaseous
and Powdered Sources 387
Appendix B: The Regulatory Process 388
B.1 Radiation Control at the Federal Level 388
B.2 Radiation Control at the State Level 394
B.3 Inspection and Enforcement 394
Appendix C: Control of Airborne Releases to the Environment 396
C.1 Dilution in the Atmosphere 397
C.2 Filtration of Particles 399
C.3 Adsorption of Gases and Vapors on Charcoal 401
C.4 Adsorbers for Radioiodine 403
PART SIX Ionizing Radiation and Public Health 405
1 Formulation of Standards for Radiation Protection 405
1.1 Standards for Protection of the Public against Radioactive
Contamination 414
1.2 Standards for the Cleanup of Sites Contaminated
with Radioactivity 415
1.3 Protective Actions for Exposures of the Public from Long-Term
and Unattributable Sources 416
2 Medical Findings on Humans Exposed to Radiation 417
2.1 Sources of Human Exposure Data 418
2.2 Epidemiological Studies of Leukemia and Other Cancers 425
2.3 Risk of Cancer from Exposure to Radiation 434
2.4 Effects on the Developing Embryo 438
2.5 Genetic Risks 439
2.6 Basic Mechanisms in the Genesis of Cancer by Ionizing Radiation 440
3 Risks to Health from Exposure to Alpha Radiation 442
3.1 Evolution of Protection Standards for Radon Gas
and Its Decay Products 442
3.2 Risk of Lung Cancer from Extended Exposure to Radon
and Its Short-Lived Decay Products 446
3.3 Exposure of Bone to Alpha Radiation 451
4 Implications for Humans from Results of Animal Experiments 451