RADIATION PROTECTION - ILEA

Contents
xxiii
3.2 Electromagnetic Waves Generated by a Sinusoidal Oscillator 522
3.3 Relationships of Photons and Waves 524
4 Absorption of Electromagnetic Radiation in the Body 524
4.1 Penetration of EMF into the Body 525
4.2 Induced and Contact Currents 525
5 Specifying Dose to Tissue from Electromagnetic Fields 526
5.1 The Production of Heat as the Main Biological Effect 526
5.2 Resonance—A Special Concern in Exposure
to Radiofrequency Radiation 527
5.3 The Specific Absorption Rate—The Basic Quantity for Assessment
of Exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation 527
6 Devices That Produce Electromagnetic Fields 528
6.1 Antennas 528
6.2 Cellular Phone Networks 530
6.3 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 531
6.4 Video Display Terminals 533
7 Making Measurements of ELF and Radiofrequency
Electromagnetic Fields 535
8 Standards for Protection against Electromagnetic Fields 536
8.1 Power Lines 537
8.2 Radiofrequency Standards 537
8.3 Telecommunications Standards 540
8.4 Microwave Ovens 542
8.5 Video Display Units 543
8.6 Static Magnetic and Electric Fields 543
8.7 Comparison of Basic Limits for Ionizing
and Nonionizing Radiation 543
9 Medical Findings on Humans 544
9.1 Static Magnetic Fields 544
9.2 Extremely Low Frequencies, Including Power Lines 546
9.3 Radiofrequencies 550
10 Effects on Animals—Basic Research 555
11 Exposures from Environmental Fields 556
11.1 Broadcasting: The Dominant Source of RF Radiation
in the Environment 557
11.2 Radar Installations for Civilian and Military Purposes 557
11.3 Transmitters for Cellular Phone Systems 558
11.4 Power Lines 558
11.5 Home and Office 559
12 Effects of Electromagnetic Interference on Pacemakers 560