Objective-C Fundamentals

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Building your first iOS application This chapter covers ■ ■ ■ Understanding the iOS development environment Learning how to use Xcode and Interface Builder Building your first application As a developer starting out on the iOS platform, you’re faced with learning a lot of new technologies and concepts in a short period of time. At the forefront of this information overload is a set of development tools you may not be familiar with and a programming language shaped by a unique set of companies and historical events. iOS applications are typically developed in a programming language called Objective-C and supported by a support library called Cocoa Touch. If you’ve already developed Mac OS X applications, you’re probably familiar with the desktop cousins of these technologies. But it’s important to note that the iOS versions of these tools don’t provide exactly the same capabilities, and it’s important to learn the restrictions, limitations, and enhancements provided by the mobile device. In some cases, you may even need to unlearn some of your desktop development practices. 3
4 CHAPTER 1 Building your first iOS application While developing iOS applications, most of your work will be done in an application called Xcode. Xcode 4, the latest version of the IDE, has Interface Builder (for creating the user interface) built directly into it. Xcode 4 enables you to create, manage, deploy, and debug your applications throughout the entire software development lifecycle. When creating an application that supports more than one type of device powered by the iOS, you may wish to present slightly different user interfaces for specific device types while powering all variants via the same core application logic underneath. Doing so is easier if the concept of model-view-controller separation is used, something that Xcode 4 can help you with. This chapter covers the steps required to use these tools to build a small game for the iPhone, but before we dive into the technical steps, let’s discuss the background of the iOS development tools and some of the ways mobile development differs from desktop and web-based application development. 1.1 Introducing the iOS development tools Objective-C is a strict superset of the procedural-based C programming language. This fact means that any valid C program is also a valid Objective-C program (albeit one that doesn’t make use of any Objective-C enhancements). Objective-C extends C by providing object-oriented features. The object-oriented programming model is based on sending messages to objects, which is different from the model used by C++ and Java, which call methods directly on an object. This difference is subtle but is also one of the defining features that enables many of Objective-C’s features that are typically more at home in a dynamic language such as Ruby or Python. A programming language, however, is only as good as the features exposed by its support libraries. Objective-C provides syntax for performing conditional logic and looping constructs, but it doesn’t provide any inherent support for interacting with the user, accessing network resources, or reading files. To facilitate this type of functionality without requiring it to be written from scratch for each application, Apple includes in the SDK a set of support libraries collectively called Cocoa Touch. If you’re an existing Java or .NET developer, you can view the Cocoa Touch library as performing a purpose similar to the Java Class Library or .NET’s Base Class Libraries (BCL). 1.1.1 Adapting the Cocoa frameworks for mobile devices Cocoa Touch consists of a number of frameworks (commonly called kits). A framework is a collection of classes that are grouped together by a common purpose or task. The two main frameworks you use in iPhone applications are Foundation Kit and UIKit. Foundation Kit is a collection of nongraphical system classes consisting of data structures, networking, file IO, date, time, and string-handling functions, and UIKit is a framework designed to help develop GUIs with rich animations. Cocoa Touch is based on the existing Cocoa frameworks used for developing desktop applications on Mac OS X. But rather than making Cocoa Touch a direct line-by-line
Page 1 and 2: Christopher K. Fairbairn Johannes F
Page 4 and 5: Objective-C Fundamentals CHRISTOPHE
Page 6: PART 1 brief contents GETTING START
Page 9 and 10: viii CONTENTS 1.5 Compiling the Coi
Page 11 and 12: x CONTENTS 5.4 Declared properties
Page 13 and 14: xii CONTENTS PART 3 MAKING MAXIMUM
Page 16 and 17: preface Having been involved in the
Page 18 and 19: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xvii Christopher wo
Page 20 and 21: ABOUT THIS BOOK xix skills. There
Page 22 and 23: author online Purchase of Objective
Page 24: Part 1 Getting started with Objecti
Page 29 and 30: 6 CHAPTER 1 Building your first iOS
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Page 33 and 34: 10 CHAPTER 1 Building your first iO
Page 51 and 52: Data types, variables, and constant
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52 CHAPTER 2 Data types, variables,
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54 CHAPTER 2 Data types, variables,
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56 CHAPTER 3 An introduction to obj
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Storing data in collections This ch
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Creating classes This chapter cover
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Declaring the interface of a class
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Providing an implementation for a c
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Declared properties 109 - (Property
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Declared properties 111 Let’s bri
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Declared properties 113 Although @s
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Creating and destroying objects 115
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Using the class in the Rental Manag
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Summary 123 a number of rental prop
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Subclassing 125 the only class you
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Adding new instance variables 127 s
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Accessing existing instance variabl
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Overriding methods 131 } return gen
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Overriding methods 133 } "for $%@ p
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Class clusters 135 Figure 6.2 Graph
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Categories 137 This code tells the
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Subclassing in your demo applicatio
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Subclassing in your demo applicatio
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Summary 143 6.8 Summary Object-orie
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Defining a protocol 145 Mastering t
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Implementing a protocol 147 7.2.1 C
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Implementing a protocol 149 Listing
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Important protocols 151 iPhone UIKi
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Important protocols 153 executed. T
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Important protocols 155 Any table v
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Important protocols 157 or in table
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Important protocols 159 For s
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Important protocols 161 Listing 7.1
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Dynamic typing and runtime type inf
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Static vs. dynamic typing 165 If yo
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How messaging works 167 Messages ar
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How messaging works 169 8.3.2 Handl
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Runtime type information 171 The if
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Runtime type information 173 8.4.3
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Practical uses of runtime type intr
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Memory management This chapter cove
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Reference counting 179 Figure 9.1 A
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Reference counting 181 the object i
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Reference counting 183 Keep yoursel
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Autorelease pools 185 Ideally, you
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Autorelease pools 187 With knowledg
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Autorelease pools 189 i * 1000 + j]
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Memory zones 191 Memory zones have
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Responding to low-memory warnings 1
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Summary 199 addObserver:selector:na
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Part 3 Making maximum use of framew
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Error and exception handling This c
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NSError—handling errors the Cocoa
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Creating NSError objects 207 chapte
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Creating NSError objects 209 10.2.2
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Summary 211 10.3.2 Catching excepti
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Making your objects KVC-compliant 2
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Making your objects KVC-compliant 2
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Handling special cases 217 This que
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Filtering and matching with predica
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Sample application 225 rentingFor:2
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Summary 227 The core of the logic o
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Core Data history 229 Structured Qu
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Core Data objects 231 In Xcode you
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Core Data resources 233 careful to
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Building the PocketTasks applicatio
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Beyond the basics 251 How do you us
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Beyond the basics 253 All you do is
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Beyond the basics 255 attributeName
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Blocks and Grand Central Dispatch T
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The syntax of blocks 259 What if yo
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The syntax of blocks 261 change the
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The syntax of blocks 263 } [super d
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Performing work asynchronously 265
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Summary 275 more to learn about GCD
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Building an application, complete w
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Understanding NSLog 279 Figure 14.3
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Bringing memory leaks under control
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Bringing memory leaks under control
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Detecting zombies 285 (and the appl
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Summary 287 and its ease of use and
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Preparing your iOS device for devel
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Preparing your iOS device for devel
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appendix B The basics of C Througho
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Variable naming conventions 295 As
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Expressions 297 Table B.3 Relationa
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Expressions 299 B.2.4 Assignment op
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Conditional statements 301 based on
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Conditional statements 303 The gene
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Looping statements 305 Not as strai
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Looping statements 307 One importan
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Looping statements 309 As in a do l
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Summary 311 CONTINUE The continue s
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A short history of Objective-C 313
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The iPhone SDK: Safari 315 C.2 Alte
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The iPhone SDK: Safari 317 C.3.2 ha
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The iPhone SDK: Safari 319 It’s i
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Scripting languages: Lua and Ruby 3
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Mono (.NET) 323 the iOS platform. F
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Summary 325 Xamarin announced a fol
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index Symbols ^ operator 298 - oper
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INDEX 329 application-specific quer
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INDEX 331 collections (continued) e
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INDEX 333 E e character 35 editButt
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INDEX 335 iOS Developer account 9 i
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INDEX 337 mutableCopyWithZone 190 M
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INDEX 339 Organizer window 291 over
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INDEX 341 setFlag 164 setNilValueFo
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INDEX 343 vardic method 75 variable
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Objective-C Fundamentals

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