Objective-C Fundamentals

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Using Xcode to develop a simple Coin Toss game 11 Figure 1.5 code files Main Xcode window with the CoinToss group fully expanded to show the project’s various source you can alter the style of your application—it just won’t be as easy because you won’t have the project template automatically inserting all of the required source code for you; you’ll need to write it yourself. Now that you’ve completed the New Project dialog, a project window similar to the one in figure 1.5 is displayed. This is Xcode’s main window and consists of a Project Navigator pane on the left and a large, context-sensitive editor pane on the right. The pane on the left lists all the files that make up your application. The group labeled CoinToss represents the entire game, and if you expand this node, you can drill down into smaller subgroups until you eventually reach the files that make up the project. You’re free to create your own groupings to aid in organizing the files in any manner that suits you.
12 CHAPTER 1 Building your first iOS application When you click a file in the left pane, the right pane updates to provide an editor suitable for the selected file. For *.h and *.m source code files, a traditional source code text editor is presented, but other file types (such as *.xib resource files) have more complex graphical editors associated with them. Some groups in the left pane have special behaviors associated with them or don’t represent files at all. For example, the items listed under the Frameworks group indicate pre-compiled code libraries that the current project makes use of. As you become more comfortable with developing applications in Xcode, you’ll become adept at exploring the various sections presented in the Project Navigator pane. To begin your discovery, let’s write the source code for your first class. 1.3.4 Writing the source code The View-based Application template provides enough source code to get a basic game displayed on the iPhone—so basic, in fact, that if you ran the game right now, you would simply see a gray rectangle on the screen. Let’s start implementing the game by opening the CoinTossViewController.h file in the Xcode window and using the text editor to replace the contents with the following listing. Listing 1.1 CoinTossViewController.h #import @interface CoinTossViewController : UIViewController { UILabel *status; UILabel *result; } @property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UILabel *status; @property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UILabel *result; - (IBAction)callHeads; - (IBAction)callTails; @end Don’t worry if the contents of listing 1.1 don’t make much sense to you. At this stage, it’s not important to understand the full meaning of this code. Learning these sorts of details is what the rest of the book is designed for—all will be revealed in time! For now, let’s focus on understanding the general structure of an <strong>Objective</strong>-C– based project. <strong>Objective</strong>-C is an object-oriented language, meaning that a large portion of your coding efforts will be spent defining new classes (types of objects). Listing 1.1 defines a new class called CoinTossViewController. By convention, the definition of a class is kept in a header file that uses a *.h file extension. In the CoinTossViewController header file, the first two lines declare that the class stores the details of two UILabel controls located somewhere in the user interface. A UILabel can display a single line of text, and you use these labels to display the results of the coin toss.
Page 1 and 2: Christopher K. Fairbairn Johannes F
Page 4 and 5: Objective-C Fundamentals CHRISTOPHE
Page 6: PART 1 brief contents GETTING START
Page 9 and 10: viii CONTENTS 1.5 Compiling the Coi
Page 11 and 12: x CONTENTS 5.4 Declared properties
Page 13 and 14: xii CONTENTS PART 3 MAKING MAXIMUM
Page 16 and 17: preface Having been involved in the
Page 18 and 19: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xvii Christopher wo
Page 20 and 21: ABOUT THIS BOOK xix skills. There
Page 22 and 23: author online Purchase of Objective
Page 24: Part 1 Getting started with Objecti
Page 27 and 28: 4 CHAPTER 1 Building your first iOS
Page 33: 10 CHAPTER 1 Building your first iO
Page 37 and 38: 14 CHAPTER 1 Building your first iO
Page 51 and 52: Data types, variables, and constant
Page 53 and 54: 30 CHAPTER 2 Data types, variables,
Page 79 and 80: 56 CHAPTER 3 An introduction to obj
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62 CHAPTER 3 An introduction to obj
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Storing data in collections This ch
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Creating classes This chapter cover
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Declaring the interface of a class
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Providing an implementation for a c
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Declared properties 109 - (Property
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Declared properties 111 Let’s bri
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Declared properties 113 Although @s
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Creating and destroying objects 115
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Using the class in the Rental Manag
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Summary 123 a number of rental prop
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Subclassing 125 the only class you
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Adding new instance variables 127 s
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Accessing existing instance variabl
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Overriding methods 131 } return gen
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Overriding methods 133 } "for $%@ p
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Class clusters 135 Figure 6.2 Graph
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Categories 137 This code tells the
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Subclassing in your demo applicatio
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Subclassing in your demo applicatio
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Summary 143 6.8 Summary Object-orie
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Defining a protocol 145 Mastering t
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Implementing a protocol 147 7.2.1 C
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Implementing a protocol 149 Listing
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Important protocols 151 iPhone UIKi
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Important protocols 153 executed. T
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Important protocols 155 Any table v
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Important protocols 157 or in table
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Important protocols 159 For s
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Important protocols 161 Listing 7.1
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Dynamic typing and runtime type inf
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Static vs. dynamic typing 165 If yo
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How messaging works 167 Messages ar
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How messaging works 169 8.3.2 Handl
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Runtime type information 171 The if
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Runtime type information 173 8.4.3
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Practical uses of runtime type intr
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Memory management This chapter cove
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Reference counting 179 Figure 9.1 A
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Reference counting 181 the object i
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Reference counting 183 Keep yoursel
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Autorelease pools 185 Ideally, you
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Autorelease pools 187 With knowledg
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Autorelease pools 189 i * 1000 + j]
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Memory zones 191 Memory zones have
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Responding to low-memory warnings 1
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Summary 199 addObserver:selector:na
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Part 3 Making maximum use of framew
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Error and exception handling This c
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NSError—handling errors the Cocoa
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Creating NSError objects 207 chapte
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Creating NSError objects 209 10.2.2
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Summary 211 10.3.2 Catching excepti
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Making your objects KVC-compliant 2
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Making your objects KVC-compliant 2
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Handling special cases 217 This que
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Filtering and matching with predica
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Sample application 225 rentingFor:2
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Summary 227 The core of the logic o
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Core Data history 229 Structured Qu
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Core Data objects 231 In Xcode you
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Core Data resources 233 careful to
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Building the PocketTasks applicatio
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Beyond the basics 251 How do you us
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Beyond the basics 253 All you do is
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Beyond the basics 255 attributeName
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Blocks and Grand Central Dispatch T
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The syntax of blocks 259 What if yo
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The syntax of blocks 261 change the
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The syntax of blocks 263 } [super d
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Performing work asynchronously 265
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Summary 275 more to learn about GCD
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Building an application, complete w
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Understanding NSLog 279 Figure 14.3
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Bringing memory leaks under control
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Bringing memory leaks under control
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Detecting zombies 285 (and the appl
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Summary 287 and its ease of use and
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Preparing your iOS device for devel
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Preparing your iOS device for devel
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appendix B The basics of C Througho
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Variable naming conventions 295 As
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Expressions 297 Table B.3 Relationa
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Expressions 299 B.2.4 Assignment op
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Conditional statements 301 based on
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Conditional statements 303 The gene
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Looping statements 305 Not as strai
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Looping statements 307 One importan
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Looping statements 309 As in a do l
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Summary 311 CONTINUE The continue s
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A short history of Objective-C 313
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The iPhone SDK: Safari 315 C.2 Alte
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The iPhone SDK: Safari 317 C.3.2 ha
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The iPhone SDK: Safari 319 It’s i
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Scripting languages: Lua and Ruby 3
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Mono (.NET) 323 the iOS platform. F
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Summary 325 Xamarin announced a fol
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index Symbols ^ operator 298 - oper
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INDEX 329 application-specific quer
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INDEX 331 collections (continued) e
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INDEX 333 E e character 35 editButt
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INDEX 335 iOS Developer account 9 i
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INDEX 337 mutableCopyWithZone 190 M
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INDEX 339 Organizer window 291 over
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INDEX 341 setFlag 164 setNilValueFo
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INDEX 343 vardic method 75 variable
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Objective-C Fundamentals

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