Objective-C Fundamentals

More documents

Recommendations

Info

A short history of Objective-C 313 The language was first widely distributed as Smalltalk-80 in 1980, and ever since, Smalltalk has left its mark on a number of more recent programming languages. C.1.1 C.1.2 The origins of Objective-C In the early 1980s, Dr. Brad Cox and his company, Stepstone Corporation, experimented with adding Smalltalk-80-style object-oriented features to the preexisting and popular C programming language. They soon had a working prototype, which they called Object-Oriented Programming in C (OOPC). This language continued to evolve, and in 1986, Brad Cox published Object-Oriented Programming: An Evolutionary Approach, a book that outlines the original description of what had by then become Objective-C. This was a clean layer of object-oriented features on top of the C programming language. Early implementations consisted of a preprocessor that turned Objective-C code into C source code, which was then processed by a standard C compiler. Being a true superset of C, Objective-C had the advantage of being familiar to existing C developers, making it possible to compile any valid C program with an Objective-C compiler. This enabled a high level of code reuse with existing C-based libraries. Popularization via NeXT Inc. In 1988, NeXT Inc. (founded by Steve Jobs when he left Apple in 1985) licensed Objective-C from Stepstone Corporation and developed its own compiler and runtime library for the language. The compiler and runtime library were used as the foundations of the development environment for the NeXTStep operating system, which powered its new, innovative, and some would say well-ahead-of-its-time, highend workstations, such as the NeXT Computer and NeXTCube. The NeXTStep operating system has a revered position in computer history. It garnered widespread respect as an innovative platform, although it was also criticized for its expensive price point compared to commodity IBM PCs of the day. But many innovations in a number of fields are attributed to users of NeXTStep-based computers. For example, Sir Tim Berners-Lee developed the first web browser on a NeXT computer and had the following to say about the development experience: I wrote the program using a NeXT computer. This had the advantage that there were some great tools available—it was a great computing environment in general. In fact, I could do in a couple of months what would take more like a year on other platforms, because on the NeXT, a lot of it was done for me already. “The WorldWideWeb Browser,” (www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/WorldWideWeb) Even the now classic DOOM and Quake games from id Software have elements of their development history intertwined with Objective-C and NeXTStep hardware. John Romero reflected recently on why he’s still passionate about NeXT computers these many years later:
314 APPENDIX C Alternatives to Objective-C Because we at id Software developed the groundbreaking titles DOOM and Quake on the NeXTSTEP 3.3 OS running on a variety of hardware for about 4 years. I still remember the wonderful time I had coding DoomEd and QuakeEd in Objective-C; there was nothing like it before and there still is no environment quite like it even today. “Apple-NeXT Merger Birthday,” 2006 (http://rome.ro/labels/ apple%20next%20doom%20quake.html) C.1.3 Adoption and evolution by Apple Inc. In 1996 NeXT Inc. was acquired by Apple Inc., and Steve Jobs returned to the helm of Apple. A lot of the NeXTStep technologies that Tim Berners-Lee and John Romero were so enamored of eventually found their way into Mac OS X, first released to the public in 2001. As well as inheriting the Objective-C-based programming model for application development, Mac OS X incorporated numerous NeXTStep GUI concepts. Looking at the OPENSTEP screenshot in figure C.1, for example, you’ll see that a number of iconic Mac OS X features, such as the dock, had their origins in NeXTStep. Figure C.1 Screenshot of the OPENSTEP 4.2 Desktop, showing many Mac OS X–like features
Page 1 and 2:
Christopher K. Fairbairn Johannes F
Page 4 and 5:
Objective-C Fundamentals CHRISTOPHE
Page 6:
PART 1 brief contents GETTING START
Page 9 and 10:
viii CONTENTS 1.5 Compiling the Coi
Page 11 and 12:
x CONTENTS 5.4 Declared properties
Page 13 and 14:
xii CONTENTS PART 3 MAKING MAXIMUM
Page 16 and 17:
preface Having been involved in the
Page 18 and 19:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xvii Christopher wo
Page 20 and 21:
ABOUT THIS BOOK xix skills. There
Page 22 and 23:
author online Purchase of Objective
Page 24:
Part 1 Getting started with Objecti
Page 27 and 28:
4 CHAPTER 1 Building your first iOS
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
10 CHAPTER 1 Building your first iO
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Data types, variables, and constant
Page 53 and 54:
30 CHAPTER 2 Data types, variables,
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
56 CHAPTER 3 An introduction to obj
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Storing data in collections This ch
Page 99 and 100:
76 CHAPTER 4 Storing data in collec
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 120 and 121:
Creating classes This chapter cover
Page 122 and 123:
Declaring the interface of a class
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Providing an implementation for a c
Page 132 and 133:
Declared properties 109 - (Property
Page 134 and 135:
Declared properties 111 Let’s bri
Page 136 and 137:
Declared properties 113 Although @s
Page 138 and 139:
Creating and destroying objects 115
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Using the class in the Rental Manag
Page 146 and 147:
Summary 123 a number of rental prop
Page 148 and 149:
Subclassing 125 the only class you
Page 150 and 151:
Adding new instance variables 127 s
Page 152 and 153:
Accessing existing instance variabl
Page 154 and 155:
Overriding methods 131 } return gen
Page 156 and 157:
Overriding methods 133 } "for $%@ p
Page 158 and 159:
Class clusters 135 Figure 6.2 Graph
Page 160 and 161:
Categories 137 This code tells the
Page 162 and 163:
Subclassing in your demo applicatio
Page 164 and 165:
Subclassing in your demo applicatio
Page 166 and 167:
Summary 143 6.8 Summary Object-orie
Page 168 and 169:
Defining a protocol 145 Mastering t
Page 170 and 171:
Implementing a protocol 147 7.2.1 C
Page 172 and 173:
Implementing a protocol 149 Listing
Page 174 and 175:
Important protocols 151 iPhone UIKi
Page 176 and 177:
Important protocols 153 executed. T
Page 178 and 179:
Important protocols 155 Any table v
Page 180 and 181:
Important protocols 157 or in table
Page 182 and 183:
Important protocols 159 For s
Page 184 and 185:
Important protocols 161 Listing 7.1
Page 186 and 187:
Dynamic typing and runtime type inf
Page 188 and 189:
Static vs. dynamic typing 165 If yo
Page 190 and 191:
How messaging works 167 Messages ar
Page 192 and 193:
How messaging works 169 8.3.2 Handl
Page 194 and 195:
Runtime type information 171 The if
Page 196 and 197:
Runtime type information 173 8.4.3
Page 198 and 199:
Practical uses of runtime type intr
Page 200 and 201:
Memory management This chapter cove
Page 202 and 203:
Reference counting 179 Figure 9.1 A
Page 204 and 205:
Reference counting 181 the object i
Page 206 and 207:
Reference counting 183 Keep yoursel
Page 208 and 209:
Autorelease pools 185 Ideally, you
Page 210 and 211:
Autorelease pools 187 With knowledg
Page 212 and 213:
Autorelease pools 189 i * 1000 + j]
Page 214 and 215:
Memory zones 191 Memory zones have
Page 216 and 217:
Responding to low-memory warnings 1
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Summary 199 addObserver:selector:na
Page 224 and 225:
Part 3 Making maximum use of framew
Page 226 and 227:
Error and exception handling This c
Page 228 and 229:
NSError—handling errors the Cocoa
Page 230 and 231:
Creating NSError objects 207 chapte
Page 232 and 233:
Creating NSError objects 209 10.2.2
Page 234 and 235:
Summary 211 10.3.2 Catching excepti
Page 236 and 237:
Making your objects KVC-compliant 2
Page 238 and 239:
Making your objects KVC-compliant 2
Page 240 and 241:
Handling special cases 217 This que
Page 242 and 243:
Filtering and matching with predica
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Sample application 225 rentingFor:2
Page 250 and 251:
Summary 227 The core of the logic o
Page 252 and 253:
Core Data history 229 Structured Qu
Page 254 and 255:
Core Data objects 231 In Xcode you
Page 256 and 257:
Core Data resources 233 careful to
Page 258 and 259:
Building the PocketTasks applicatio
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Beyond the basics 251 How do you us
Page 276 and 277:
Beyond the basics 253 All you do is
Page 278 and 279:
Beyond the basics 255 attributeName
Page 280 and 281:
Blocks and Grand Central Dispatch T
Page 282 and 283:
The syntax of blocks 259 What if yo
Page 284 and 285:
The syntax of blocks 261 change the
Page 286 and 287: The syntax of blocks 263 } [super d
Page 288 and 289: Performing work asynchronously 265
Page 298 and 299: Summary 275 more to learn about GCD
Page 300 and 301: Building an application, complete w
Page 302 and 303: Understanding NSLog 279 Figure 14.3
Page 304 and 305: Bringing memory leaks under control
Page 306 and 307: Bringing memory leaks under control
Page 308 and 309: Detecting zombies 285 (and the appl
Page 310 and 311: Summary 287 and its ease of use and
Page 312 and 313: Preparing your iOS device for devel
Page 314 and 315: Preparing your iOS device for devel
Page 316 and 317: appendix B The basics of C Througho
Page 318 and 319: Variable naming conventions 295 As
Page 320 and 321: Expressions 297 Table B.3 Relationa
Page 322 and 323: Expressions 299 B.2.4 Assignment op
Page 324 and 325: Conditional statements 301 based on
Page 326 and 327: Conditional statements 303 The gene
Page 328 and 329: Looping statements 305 Not as strai
Page 330 and 331: Looping statements 307 One importan
Page 332 and 333: Looping statements 309 As in a do l
Page 334 and 335: Summary 311 CONTINUE The continue s
Page 338 and 339: The iPhone SDK: Safari 315 C.2 Alte
Page 340 and 341: The iPhone SDK: Safari 317 C.3.2 ha
Page 342 and 343: The iPhone SDK: Safari 319 It’s i
Page 344 and 345: Scripting languages: Lua and Ruby 3
Page 346 and 347: Mono (.NET) 323 the iOS platform. F
Page 348 and 349: Summary 325 Xamarin announced a fol
Page 350 and 351: index Symbols ^ operator 298 - oper
Page 352 and 353: INDEX 329 application-specific quer
Page 354 and 355: INDEX 331 collections (continued) e
Page 356 and 357: INDEX 333 E e character 35 editButt
Page 358 and 359: INDEX 335 iOS Developer account 9 i
Page 360 and 361: INDEX 337 mutableCopyWithZone 190 M
Page 362 and 363: INDEX 339 Organizer window 291 over
Page 364 and 365: INDEX 341 setFlag 164 setNilValueFo
Page 366: INDEX 343 vardic method 75 variable
show all

Objective-C Fundamentals

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?