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Clinical Examination of Farm Animals - CYF MEDICAL DISTRIBUTION

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CHAPTER 7<br />

PHYSICAL SIGNS OF DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM<br />

CONTINUED<br />

Absence <strong>of</strong> breathing<br />

Thoracic asymmetry during breathing<br />

Predominantly thoracic breathing<br />

Predominantly abdominal breathing<br />

Audible sounds<br />

Coughing<br />

Productive<br />

Non-productive<br />

Grunt<br />

Respiratory rate<br />

Increased<br />

Decreased<br />

Temperature<br />

Increased<br />

Heart rate<br />

Increased<br />

Mucous membranes<br />

Pale<br />

Cyanotic<br />

Hydration status<br />

Dehydrated<br />

Eyes<br />

Ocular discharge<br />

Serous<br />

Purulent<br />

Unilateral/bilateral<br />

Epiphora<br />

Sunken<br />

Nares<br />

Nasal discharge<br />

Serous<br />

Purulent<br />

Unilateral/bilateral<br />

Haemoptysis<br />

Dilated<br />

Nasal mucosa<br />

Inflamed<br />

Ulcerated<br />

Mouth<br />

Tongue protruded<br />

Mouth breathing<br />

Frothing<br />

Cheeks<br />

Puffed out<br />

Chest palpation<br />

Pain<br />

Subcutaneous emphysema<br />

Upper respiratory sounds<br />

Snoring<br />

Stridor<br />

Lower respiratory sounds (auscultation)<br />

Increased loudness <strong>of</strong> breath sounds<br />

Decreased loudness <strong>of</strong> breath sounds<br />

Increased inspiratory sounds<br />

Increased expiratory sounds<br />

Clicking, popping, bubbling<br />

Crackles<br />

Wheezes<br />

Pleuritic friction rubs<br />

Grunts<br />

Percussion<br />

Abnormal thoracic areas <strong>of</strong> dullness<br />

80

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