National Survey of Research Commercialisation - Australian ...

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Throughout Australia, in our universities and research institutes, researchers are generating new ideas. In partnership with commercial and investment managers, legal professionals and companies, they are turning those ideas into new products and services that are finding success in the market, generating and sustaining new industries, and enhancing the quality of life in many spheres. In November 2001, the Australian Research Council (ARC), the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) undertook the National Survey of Research Commercialisation. The survey collected, for the first time in Australia, comprehensive information about the commercial activities that are occurring as the result of research conducted in universities, medical research institutes and CSIRO. The ARC and NHMRC also commissioned work to establish international benchmarks of research commercialisation based on data from the licensing survey conducted in North America by the Association of University Technology Managers (AUTM), against which the data collected in the National Survey of Research Commercialisation in Australia could be compared. The National Survey of Research Commercialisation collected information about invention disclosures, patents and plant-breeder rights, licensing activity and income, and start-up company formation. A total of 34 universities, 15 medical research institutes and all 21 research divisions in CSIRO responded to the survey — response rates of 87%, 60% and 100%, respectively. The survey collected information about research commercialisation activities that occurred in what is referred to as “Year 2000” — the calendar year 2000 or the financial year 2000–01. The Year 2000 information collected by the National Survey of Research Commercialisation establishes a baseline against which performance in subsequent years can be measured. The ARC, NHMRC and CSIRO intend to undertake the survey annually. KEY FINDINGS FROM THE SURVEY The following is a summary of the key findings from the survey. Each finding refers to the level of activity, in aggregate, by institutions that responded to the survey — universities, medical research institutes and CSIRO. 7
NATIONAL SURVEY OF RESEARCH COMMERCIALISATION Patents (encompassing patents and plant-breeder rights) Respondent institutions filed 834 patent applications in Australia and the USA in Year 2000 — these included 469 new applications in Australia and 102 new applications in the USA. In total, 498 patents worldwide were issued to respondent institutions in Year 2000 — these included 143 Australian patents and 115 US patents. In total, 548 inventions were disclosed to respondent institutions in Year 2000 — for assessment of their patenting and commercial potential. Licences (encompassing licences, options and assignments) Respondent institutions executed a total of 417 licences in Year 2000. Of these, 18% were with start-up companies, 19% were with small companies, 12% were with medium-size companies and 51% were with large companies. Of the licences executed with start-up companies in Year 2000, 86% were exclusive and 14% were non-exclusive. Of the licences executed with small companies in Year 2000, 48% were exclusive and 52% were non-exclusive. Of the licences executed with medium-size companies in Year 2000, 54% were exclusive and 46% were non-exclusive. Of the licences executed with large companies in Year 2000, 29% were exclusive and 71% were non-exclusive. A significant proportion of licensing activity was focused on small companies — 47% of medical research institute licences, 41% of university licences and 27% of CSIRO licences were executed to start-up or small companies. A very high proportion of licences executed to start-up companies were exclusive. This suggests that the ability to grant exclusive licences is important to company start-up activity, a key contribution to the overall economic impact of licensing by universities, medical research institutes and CSIRO. Licence Income A total of 491 licences yielded income to respondent institutions in Year 2000. Respondent institutions’ adjusted gross income from licences was $99 million in Year 2000. There appears to be a positive relationship between an institution’s income from licences and the length of its experience in managing commercial licensing activities: Four of the five licensing programs of respondent institutions that yielded income of more than $3 million in Year 2000 had been in operation for ten or more years. Of the licensing programs of respondent institutions that yielded income of less than $1 million in Year 2000, 68% had been in operation for less than ten years. 8
Page 2 and 3: NATIONAL SURVEY OF RESEARCH COMMERC
Page 4: FOREWORD This report presents findi
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Page 22 and 23: 2. COMMERCIAL ACTIVIT Y — THE SUR
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Page 26 and 27: INVENTION DISCLOSURES AND PATENTS C
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NATIONAL SURVEY OF RESEARCH COMMERC
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XENOME The same chemical compounds
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APPENDIXES 1. SURVEY RESPONDENTS 2.
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APPENDIX 2—SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE T
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APPENDIX 3— EXPLANATORY MEMORANDU
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APPENDIX 4—TABLES TABLE A1. COMME
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APPENDIX 5 START-UP COMPANIES FORME
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