Cummins Inc. 2007 Sustainability Report

“We believe the
right technology
matters and
that nobody is
better than we
are at creating
emissions-compliant
products that meet
our customers’
expectations.”
Virendra Kumar
and system integration. Our Tier 4 solution
is driven by the need to deliver the lowest
cost of ownership and most productive
power solutions for operators. The 2011
off-highway regulations require a 90 percent
reduction in PM and a 45 percent reduction
in NOx emissions.
While meeting these stringent reductions,
Cummins Tier 4 QSB to QSX products will
offer enhanced performance and improved
fuel efficiency compared to our current
Tier 3 engines.
Integrating Tier 4 engine and aftertreatment
into a wide variety of off-highway equipment
types will be challenging, but Cummins’
application engineering expertise will enable
us to design and pre-engineer all the key
subsystems in-house.
For Tier 4, Cummins will offer standardized
engine, aftertreatment and air intake
packages, speeding up installation work
and realizing space-saving advantages for
our OEM customers.
The 2010 EPA Emissions
and Fuel Rule
Looking ahead to 2010, emission
requirements will change dramatically for
heavy-duty trucks over this period. Both
NOx and PM will be reduced by 90 percent
from 2004 levels.
The EPA has allowed for a NOx phase-in
from 2007 through 2009. During this time,
50 percent of the engines produced must
meet the stricter, 2007 NOx standard,
while 50 percent may continue to meet the
2004 standard.
The PM requirement was not phased in,
and, as a result, all engine production was
42 Cummins Inc. 2007 Sustainability Report
required to be in compliance with the new
standard by January of 2007.
By 2010, all heavy-duty diesel engines
are expected to meet the NOx standard of
0.20 grams per brake-horsepower hour
(g/bhp-hr) and the PM standard of
0.01g/bhp-hr.
Also by 2010, regulations will require the
phase-in of advanced on-board diagnostics
with additional sensors to monitor the
effectiveness of emission-control systems
on the engine, which will alert the driver if a
failed emission-reduction device needs to
be repaired.
Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel (ULSD)
In addition to the new exhaust emission
standards, the EPA is lowering the limit for
diesel sulfur fuel from 500 parts per million
(ppm) to 15 ppm. The new fuel standard
began to be phased in October 2006 and
will be completed by September 1, 2010
(100 percent participation).
Cummins has publicly expressed its
support of ultra-low sulfur fuel. ULSD
has several benefits. It produces less
particulate matter from combustion, so it
is a particulate matter control strategy for
all equipment in use. In addition, ultra-low
sulfur fuel enables the use of advanced
aftertreatment control systems.
Biodiesel Fuels Now in Use
Biodiesel is a clean-burning alternative
fuel made from renewable resources like
soybeans, vegetable oils and even algae.
It creates about 60 percent less carbon
dioxide than petroleum fuels, biodegrades
as quickly as sugar, and is less toxic than