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112 REVISTA ROMÂN DE AUTOMATIC This document provides general guidelines and information to an operator who wants to monitor the emissions from one or several of the engines in a fleet of vessels. These guidelines are a result of a partnership between MARAD, the University of Delaware, and industry to research, develop, and disseminate information on energy and emissions technology and technology applications. 3. INVENTORY OF EMISSION FACTORS RELEVANT FOR NAVIGATION PROCESS The main source for databases used in emission factors analyzing, are Lloyds Register, Marintek, Germanisher Lloyd, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, EPA, as it was specified in the analyzed materials (studies, reports, etc.). The Lloyd’s Register of Ships is considered to be the authoritative resource for information about ship details, including owner, operator, ship name, ship type, registry number, cargo handling equipment, flag of registry and, significantly, ship engine details such as maximum horsepower and number of auxiliary engines information about ship details, including owner, operator, ship name, ship type, registry number, cargo handling equipment, flag of registry and, significantly, ship engine details such as maximum horsepower and number of auxiliary engines. We propose in this research work to make a collection of emission factors used in analyzed materials and to calculate emission factors from kg/ton of fuel in g/kWh to have a unitary image of these elements. To perform this calculation we have used specific fuel consumption –sfc- (g/kW-h). Table 2 provides information about Specific Fuel Consumption (sfc). For diesel engine, information was taken from the EEA/EMEP CORINAIR 1999 and for steam and gas turbine data information was taken from IMO 2000. [3] Table 2 Specific Fuel Consumption (sfc) (g/kW-hr) Engine Type sfc ( g/kW-hr) Slow-speed diesel 207 Medium-speed diesel 227 High-speed diesel 227 Steam turbine 290 Gas turbine 290 [source 3] In inland navigation there were identified some categories of ships presented in table 3. Table 3 Ship’s type (category) Category Solid bulk Liquid bulk General cargo Container Passenger/RoRo/Cargo Passenger High speed ferries Inland Cargo Sail ships Tugs Fishing Other [source 1] Code SB LB GC CO PC PA HS IC SS TU FI OT
REVISTA ROMÂN DE AUTOMATIC 113 In table 4 are presented engines types and abbreviations used for each type. Table 4 Engines types Engine type Slow speed diesel, residual oil Medium speed diesel, residual oil High speed diesel, marine diesel oil Steam turbine, residual oil Steam turbine, marine diesel oil Steam turbine, marine gas oil Gas turbine Code SSD-RO MSD-RO HSD-MDO ST-RO ST-MDO ST-MGO GT [source 3] Using these classification and information from other studies, Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC [3] established a “basic emission rate” by pollutant for each type (category) of vessel, table 5 bellow: Table 5 “Basic emission rate” by pollutant and engine type (g/kW-h) Pollutant SSD-RO MSD-RO HSD-MDO ST-RO ST-MDO ST-MGO GT CO 2 682.44 748.37 719.59 956.07 919.30 919.30 919.30 CO 1.59 1.75 1.68 0.12 0.17 0.17 0.15 SO 2 11.63 12.75 2.27 16.29 5.80 2.90 2.90 NO x 19.67 14.13 12.94 2.11 1.81 1.81 4.64 HC 0.58 0.64 0.61 0.03 0.15 0.15 0.06 PM 1.64 1.79 0.27 0.75 0.61 0.61 0.32 [source 3] From other sources – “Proposed emission factors MEET RF98” [1], we have selected the values from “emission factors” corresponding to engines types presented in table 4. Values are in kg/ton of fuel. Using sfc values from table 1 we have calculated emission factors in g/kW-h with the relation (2). Calculated values are presented in table 6. Emission factor (g/kW-h) = Emission factor (kg/ton of fuel) x 10 -3 x sfc (g/kW-h) (2) Table 6 Emission factors from MEET project (kg/ton of fuel) and calculated emission factors by <strong>IPA</strong> (g/kW-h) Sfc (g/kWh) Engine typefuel type U.M. SSD- RO [1] kg/to n of fuel SSD- RO MSD -RO [1] MSD -RO HSD- MDO [1] HSD- MDO ST- RO [1] ST- RO ST- MDO [1] ST- MDO GT [1] g/kW kg/to g/kW kg/to g/kW kg/to g/kW kg/to g/kW kg/to g/kW -h n of -h n of -h n of -h n of -h n of -h fuel fuel fuel fuel fuel 207 227 227 290 290 290 Polluta nt CO 2 3200 662.4 3200 726.4 3200 726.4 - 928 3200 928 3200 928 CO 7.4 1.53 7.4 1.68 9.0 2.043 0.908 0.26 0.6 0.174 0.5 0.145 SO 2 20s 4.14 20s 4.54 20s 4.54 20s 5.8 20s 5.8 20s 5.8 NO x 18.01 12.93 15.89 2.31 1.813 4.64 87 57 70 7.95 6.25 16 9 HC 2.4 0.497 2.4 0.545 3 0.681 0.215 0.062 0.5 0.145 0.2 0.058 PM 1.2 0.248 1.2 0.272 1.5 0.341 7.06 2.047 2.08 0.603 1.1 0.319 GT
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Elementele componente ale reÅ£elei Petri: LocaÅ£ii: P1 ... - IPA SA

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