WSSD Report FINAL! - OGP

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THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY FROM RIO TO JOHANNESBURG AND BEYOND Urban air quality best possible emissions performance from their vehicle, thereby improving urban air quality. When BP launched the Clean Cities Programme in 1999, the company committed to making cleaner fuels available in 40 cities worldwide. In fact BP exceeded this target, with a total of 59 cities by the end of 2000 and 90 cities by the end of 2001. Issues vary in individual locations. In Johannesburg and Istanbul, for example, the greatest urgency is in removing lead from gasoline. In Western Europe and the USA, the prime concern is over sulphur levels. Wherever the programme operates, however, the outcome remains the same: cleaner urban air for all. Cleaner rickshaws, healthier air Motorized rickshaws are common throughout India In six Indian cities alone, poor air quality due to traffic emissions contributes to the deaths of 40,000 people a year. To reduce this toll, BG Group has embarked on a pilot scheme to improve emissions from urban India’s most prevalent mode of transport, motorized rickshaws. Normally, these rickshaws are driven by an inexpensive blend of petrol that gives off considerable quantities of particulates, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen. When, as is often the case, the petrol is mixed with kerosene to make it go further, the emission problems are made worse. However, in Surat, one of the six cities, things are beginning to change. There, the population of 2.4 million is seeing the first benefits of a trial programme that converts rickshaws to run on compressed natural gas (CNG). The conversion process, which is certified by the government, is simple, takes six hours and costs 18,000 rupees (about £170) per rickshaw. The result is an exhaust that produces virtually no smoke and delivers a 55 per cent reduction in CO, as well as significant reductions in NO x ,CO 2 and particulate matter. The conversion of 150,000 rickshaws spread among the six cities would result in a significant improvement in air quality—and health—in these locations. Testing new diesel formulations Anindustry-government collaborative partnership was launched to plan and coordinate a demonstration programme to evaluate new ultra-low sulphur diesel formulations developed by BP. These fuels, known as ECD and ECD-1, enable the retrofit of heavy duty-vehicles such as trucks and buses, with diesel particle filters (DPF) that dramatically reduce diesel particulate matter (PM), total hydrocarbons (THC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. This programme included industry, government and academic participants, all of whom were directly involved in the technical aspects of the programme as well as its funding. The year-long project consisted of two rounds of vehicle tests to characterize emissions. Seven vehicle fleets were involved, encompassing more than 150 vehicles. Testing was conducted using a transportable chassis dynamometer laboratory designed and operated by West Virginia University for the US National Renewable Energy Laboratory. 62
CONTRIBUTING TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Urban air quality ● ● ● The collaborative approach allowed for: leveraging of funding to permit testing of a large number of vehicles; broad dissemination of results among participants and in scientific papers in the open literature; and a mechanism for directly comparing commercially available diesel fuels with advanced low-sulphur formulations, synthetic diesel (Fischer-Tropsche) and compressed natural gas. Global energy management system cuts emissions System (G-EMS) to further improve and sustain energy efficiency at their refineries and chemical plants worldwide. G-EMS provides the capability to reduce plant energy consumption by an additional 15 per cent or more. At the heart of G-EMS is a set of ‘best practices’ for operation, maintenance, control, and design of plant facilities, which were compiled by internal experts who researched both within and outside the company. The common methodology provided by G- EMS allows each of their plants to identify gaps relative to these ‘best practices’, develop a gap closure plan, and measure and track ongoing results. The rigorous, comprehensive rollout of G-EMS is key to achieving the maximum energy efficiency benefits from the system. The interactions between the rollout teams and the plant personnel in each refinery and chemical plant across the world lead to improved work practices for existing equipment, enable identification of investment opportunities to further improve energy efficiency, and lay the groundwork for sustained results through measurement, accountability, and technical support. Example improvements include more frequent cleaning of heat transfer equipment and installation of facilities to generate additional electric power and steam from existing plant processes. In summary, G-EMS provides significant economic and environmental benefits and enables ExxonMobil to maintain industry leadership in energy efficiency. ExxonMobil has improved the energy efficiency of their refineries and chemical plants by 37 per cent between 1973 and 1999. Over the past two years, they have launched the Global Energy Management 63
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