WSSD Report FINAL! - OGP

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THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY FROM RIO TO JOHANNESBURG AND BEYOND Water management Marathon’s water treatment system is helping to make fresh groundwater available for communities in southeastern New Mexico. Striking water in Angola employed in the Indian Basin Field. There, entrained hydrogen sulphide gas is removed from water that is produced in conjunction with natural gas. Marathon can then use some of this produced water—rather than ground water—in drilling operations. In the days before this treatment technique, Marathon had re-injected all produced water into a non-producing formation for disposal. During 2000, the water treatment system reduced Marathon’s fresh groundwater use in the Indian Basin Field by about 4million gallons. Thanks to this water conservation effort, the company is helping to ensure that fresh groundwater is available for residential, agricultural and other purposes in the area—now and in the future. Oil exploration and production are not Norsk Hydro’s only activities in Angola. The company is also finding and producing water to irrigate a potentially highly fertile—but heretofore arid area south of Luanda. Using old exploration data, Norsk Hydro found that there was an aquifer reserve about 200 metres below the surface. Based on that information, the company began drilling five wells for local villages. In a country where one cubic metre of water can cost US$7, these wells are already making a huge difference to farmers.The wells can produce 200,000 litres a day—enough for 6000 people and ample supplies for 350 farms of half a hectare each. Once all the wells are drilled, Norsk Hydro intends to teach local farmers how to utilize more modern agricultural techniques, such as drip irrigation and new seed varieties. This would enable the farmers to help meet the growing demand for vegetables by Luanda’s expanding population. Less is more at Kwinana BP’s Kwinana refinery in Western Australia started a water reuse and minimization programme in 1997. Its objectives were to use less water, maximize water reuse in refinery processes and, whenever possible, use low quality water (such as groundwater) instead of potable water. A holistic approach to water management ensured the targeting of all areas within the refinery. Results were impressive. There was a significant decrease in total water use. Another tangible environmental benefit included a reduction in contaminant loads in the refinery’s marine discharge due to decreased flows (by 26 per cent) to the wastewater Average daily town water usage at BP’s Kwinana refinery, 1989–2000 water usage, thousand kilolitres per day 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 A series of wells in Luanda provides the local communities with ample supplies of fresh water. Average daily water use has decreased dramatically at the Kwinana refinery since the early 1990s. 70
CONTRIBUTING TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Water management treatment plant. There was a financial reward as well: a saving of AUD$0.9 million per year. Most important of all however, was the 70 per cent decrease in potable water use at Kwinana. A year before the programme began, the refinery was Western Australia’s biggest consumer of potable water. Now that water is being put to much better use to satisfy the growing demands of the community in an arid region subject to summer restrictions on water consumption. Not surprisingly, BP’s local and regional reputation has been enhanced by the success of the programme. BP’s Kwinana refinery in Western Australia 71
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WSSD Report FINAL! - OGP

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