The elephant and ivory trade in Thailand (PDF, 800 KB) - Traffic

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REFERENCES Anon. (1978). Foreign Trade Statistics of Thailand, December 1978. Department of Customs, Bangkok, Thailand. Anon. (2001). Legal loopholes help ivory trade, put elephants at risk. Bangkok Post, Bangkok, 11 May. Anon. (2003). Unpublished report by the Department of Livestock Development, cited in Sakamoto, M., Salwala, S. and Chandran, R. (2004). Thai Elephant trade - A threat to the CITES implementation process. Asian Conservation Alliance Task Force, Tokyo, Japan. Anon. (2004). Control of internal ivory trade. SC50 Doc. 21.1 (Rev.1), 50 th meeting of the CITES Standing Committee, Geneva, Switzerland, 15-19 March. Anon. (2006a). Enforcement Matters. SC54 Doc.38, 54 th Meeting of the CITES Standing Committee, Geneva, Switzerland, 2-6 October. Anon. (2006b). Joint Briefing for the 54 th Meeting of the CITES Standing Committee, Geneva, 2-6 October. WWF and TRAFFIC, Geneva, Switzerland. Anon., (2007a). Interpretation and implementation of the Convention Species trade and conservation issues. Elephants: Trade in Elephant Specimens. Fourteenth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties, The Hague (Netherlands), 3-15 June 2007. CoP14 Doc. 53.1, Annex 2. Anon. (2007b). Ex-minister to face smuggling charge. http://nationmultimedia.com/2007/03/05/national/national_30028502.php Anon. (2007c). Unpublished data from the Lusaka Agreement Task Force. CITES, Geneva, Switzerland. Anon., (2007d). MIKE Baseline Information. Fifty fifth Meeting of the Standing Committee, SC55 Doc. 10.2. CITES, Geneva, Switzerland, 2 June. Anon. (2008). Office of Tourism Development, Government of Thailand. http://www.tourism.go.th/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2610&Itemid=25 Blake, S. and Hedges, S. (2004). Sinking the flagship: the case of Forest Elephants in Asia and Africa. Conservation Biology 18: 1-12. Bock, C. (1986). Temples and Elephants: travels in Siam 1881-1882. Oxford University Press, Oxford , UK. Burke, K. (2008). Doubts cast on elephants’ origins. Sydney Morning Herald, 25 February. Carter, A.C. (1904). The Kingdom of Siam. Putnam’s, New York, USA. Chipofya, D. (2008). Two arrested for exporting ivory. The Daily Times (Lilongwi, Malawi) 10 March. The elephant and ivory trade in Thailand 58
Dublin, H., Milliken, T. and Barnes, R. (1995). Four Years after the CITES Ban: Illegal Killing of Elephants, Ivory Trade and Stockpiles. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. Dublin, H., Desai, A., Hedges, S., Vié, J-C., Bambaradeniya, C. and Lopez, A. (2006). Asian Elephant Range States Meeting. IUCN/SSC, Gland Switzerland. FAO (U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization) (2007). State of the World’s Forests. Rome, FAO. Hirth, F. and Rockhill, W. (ed.) (1911). Chau Ju-kua. His Work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelfth and thirteenth Centuries, entitled Chu-fan-chi. St Petersburg, Russia. Kanwanich, S. (2003). Elephant numbers plummet. Bangkok Post, 12 January. Kemf, E. and Santiapillai, C. (2000). Asian Elephants in the Wild. WWF, Gland Switzerland. Chen Hin Keong (1997). The ivory trade in Thailand. In: Nash, S. (Ed), Still in Business: The Ivory Trade in Asia, Seven Years after the CITES Ban. TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, UK. Lair, R. (1997). Gone Astray: The Care and Management of the Asian Elephant in Domesticity. FAO, Bangkok, Thailand. Lohanan, R. (2002). The elephant situation in Thailand and a plea for co-operation. In: Baker, I. and Kashio, M. (Eds), Giants on Our Hands. FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand. Luxmoore, R. (1989). The Ivory Trade in Thailand. In: The Ivory Trade and the Future of the African Elephant, Prepared for the Seventh CITES Conference of the Parties, Lausanne. Ivory Trade Review Group, Oxford, UK, unpublished report. Martin, E. and Stiles, D. (2000). The ivory markets of Africa. Save the Elephants, London, UK. Martin, E. and Stiles, D. (2002). The ivory markets of South and South East Asia. Save the Elephants, London, UK. Martin, E. and Stiles, D. (2003). The Ivory Markets of East Asia. Save the Elephants, London, UK. Martin, E. and Stiles, D. (2005). Ivory Markets of Europe. Care for the Wild International and Save the Elephants, London, UK. Martin, E. and Stiles, D. (2008). The Ivory Markets of the USA. Care for the Wild International, London, UK. Mather, R. (2003). WWF-Thailand and elephant conservation. Unpublished report, WWF-Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand. Mather, R. (undated). The Ivory Trade in Thailand. WWF-Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand. The elephant and ivory trade in Thailand 59
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THE ELEPHANT AND IVORY TRADE IN THA
Page 3 and 4:
THE ELEPHANT AND IVORY TRADE IN THA
Page 5 and 6:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The staff of the T
Page 7 and 8:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Asian Elephants a
Page 9 and 10:
• Thailand illegally imports many
Page 11 and 12:
BACKGROUND Asian Elephants Elephas
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INTRODUCTION The demand for ivory a
Page 15 and 16:
Comprehensive analyses of ETIS reco
Page 17 and 18: The presence and type of ivory subs
Page 19 and 20: This, of course, may not be easy to
Page 21 and 22: Daniel Stiles/TRAFFIC Southeast Asi
Page 23 and 24: Table 1. (continued) Elephant camps
Page 25 and 26: D C F U I O Appendix-I specimens br
Page 27 and 28: Table 2. (continued) Live Asian Ele
Page 29 and 30: In all, at least 66 of the 235 (28%
Page 31 and 32: Table 5. (continued) Seizures of il
Page 33 and 34: one craftsman working near Khao San
Page 35 and 36: The visit to Phayuha Kiri to interv
Page 37 and 38: Table 6. Number of ivory carvers an
Page 45 and 46: There was quite remarkable variabil
Page 47 and 48: Chiang Mai A total of 26 outlets se
Page 49 and 50: THB150 (USD4.30), while in Bangkok
Page 51 and 52: supporting the view of informants w
Page 53 and 54: The TRAFFIC/WWF briefing document t
Page 55 and 56: Despite the efforts detailed in Tha
Page 57 and 58: kilogrammes cost from USD286-429/kg
Page 59 and 60: Table 19 presents a comparison of r
Page 61 and 62: law, but the proportion cannot be e
Page 63 and 64: Appendix 1.Thailand and the Elephan
Page 65 and 66: Table 1: ETIS records for number of
Page 67: Buddhas, Nanggwak and singhas. Boon
Page 71 and 72: Stiles, D. (2004a). The ivory trade
Page 73: The elephant and ivory trade in Tha
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