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Fundamental Optics Material Properties Optical Specifications Gaussian Beam Optics Five Schott Glass Types The following tables list the most important optical and physical constants for Schott optical glass types BK7, SF11, LaSFN9, BaK1, and F2. These types are used in most Melles Griot simple lens products and prisms. Index of refraction and transmission, as well as the most commonly required chemical characteristics and mechanical constants, are listed. Further numerical data and a more detailed discussion of the various testing processes can be found in the Schott Optical Glass catalog. The index of refraction data were obtained by using the constants listed below together with the dispersion formula (equation 4.6). The constants were determined through the index-of-refraction measurements of a typical melt for each glass type. Note that the dispersion formula is valid only within the wavelength range Physical Constants of Five Schott Glasses Melt-to-Melt Mean Index Tolerance Homogeneity within Melt Striae Grade (MIL-G-174-A) Stress Birefringence, nm/cm, Yellow Light Abbé Factor (v d ) Constants of Dispersion Formula: B 1 B 2 B 3 C 1 C 2 C 3 Density (g /cm 43 ) Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion (a): 430º to +70º (per ºC) +20º to +300º (per ºC) Transformation Temperature Young’s Modulus (dynes/mm 2 ) Climate Resistance Stain Resistance Acid Resistance Alkali Resistance Phosphate Resistance Knoop Hardness Poisson’s Ratio Glass Type BK7 SF11 LaSFN9 BaK1 F2 ±0.001 ±1!10 44 A 10 64.17 1.03961212 2.31792344!10 41 1.01046945 6.00069867!10 43 2.00179144!10 42 1.03560653!10 2 2.51 7.1!10 46 8.3!10 46 557ºC 8.20!10 9 2 0 1.0 2.0 2.3 610 0.206 ±0.001 ±1!10 44 A 10 25.76 1.73848403 3.11168974!10 41 1.17490871 1.36068604!10 42 6.15960463!10 42 1.21922711!10 2 4.74 6.1!10 46 6.8!10 46 505ºC 6.60!10 9 1 0 1.0 1.2 1.0 450 0.235 listed. It can be used to interpolate refractive index at other wavelengths within this range (to a precision of 1!10 45 or better), but it should not be used to extrapolate to wavelengths beyond this range. Furthermore, the actual melt-to-melt tolerance on the index of refraction typically is about ±0.001. The internal transmittance values shown are melt-to-melt experimental means and may be affected by thermal history (coating, annealing, or tempering operations) after manufacture. For more detailed information of these materials, please refer to the Schott Optical Glass catalog. ±0.002 ±1!10 44 A 10 32.17 1.97888194 3.20435298!10 41 1.92900751 1.18537266!10 42 5.27381770!10 42 1.66256540!10 2 4.44 7.4!10 46 8.4!10 46 703ºC 1.09!10 10 2 0 2.0 1.0 1.0 630 0.286 ±0.001 ±1!10 44 A 10 57.55 1.12365662 3.09276848!10 41 8.81511957!10 41 6.44742752!10 43 2.22284402!10 42 1.07297751!10 2 3.19 7.6!10 46 8.6!10 46 592ºC 7.30!10 9 2 1 3.3 1.2 2.0 530 0.252 ±0.001 ±1!10 44 A 10 36.37 1.34533359 2.09073176!10 41 9.37357162!10 41 9.97743871!10 43 4.70450767!10 42 1.11886764!10 2 3.61 8.2!10 46 9.2!10 46 438ºC 5.70!10 9 1 0 1.0 2.3 1.3 420 0.220 Optical Coatings 4.8 1 Visit Us OnLine! www.mellesgriot.com
Refractive Index of Five Schott Glass Types Wavelength l Refractive Index, n Fraunhofer (nm) BK7 SF11 LaSFN9 BaK1 F2 Designation Source Spectral Region 351.1 1.53894 — — 1.60062 1.67359 Ar laser UV 363.8 1.53649 — — 1.59744 1.66682 Ar laser UV 404.7 1.53024 1.84208 1.89844 1.58941 1.65064 h Hg arc Violet 435.8 1.52668 1.82518 1.88467 1.58488 1.64202 g Hg arc Blue 441.6 1.52611 1.82259 1.88253 1.58415 1.64067 HeCd laser Blue 457.9 1.52461 1.81596 1.87700 1.58226 1.63718 Ar laser Blue 465.8 1.52395 1.81307 1.87458 1.58141 1.63564 Ar laser Blue 472.7 1.52339 1.81070 1.87259 1.58071 1.63437 Ar laser Blue 476.5 1.52309 1.80946 1.87153 1.58034 1.63370 Ar laser Blue 480.0 1.52283 1.80834 1.87059 1.58000 1.63310 F′ Cd arc Blue 486.1 1.52238 1.80645 1.86899 1.57943 1.63208 F H 2 arc Blue 488.0 1.52224 1.80590 1.86852 1.57927 1.63178 Ar laser Blue 496.5 1.52165 1.80347 1.86645 1.57852 1.63046 Ar laser Green 501.7 1.52130 1.80205 1.86524 1.57809 1.62969 Ar laser Green 514.5 1.52049 1.79880 1.86245 1.57707 1.62790 Ar laser Green 532.0 1.51947 1.79479 1.85901 1.57580 1.62569 Nd laser Green 546.1 1.51872 1.79190 1.85651 1.57487 1.62408 e Hg arc Green 587.6 1.51680 1.78472 1.85025 1.57250 1.62004 d He arc Yellow 589.3 1.51673 1.78446 1.85002 1.57241 1.61989 D Na arc Yellow 632.8 1.51509 1.77862 1.84489 1.57041 1.61656 HeNe laser Red 643.8 1.51472 1.77734 1.84376 1.56997 1.61582 C′ Cd arc Red 656.3 1.51432 1.77599 1.84256 1.56949 1.61503 C H 2 arc Red 694.3 1.51322 1.77231 1.83928 1.56816 1.61288 Ruby laser Red 786.0 1.51106 1.76558 1.83323 1.56564 1.60889 IR 821.0 1.51037 1.76359 1.83142 1.56485 1.60768 IR 830.0 1.51020 1.76311 1.83098 1.56466 1.60739 GaAlAs laser IR 852.1 1.50980 1.76200 1.82997 1.56421 1.60671 s Ce arc IR 904.0 1.50893 1.75970 1.82785 1.56325 1.60528 GaAs laser IR 1014.0 1.50731 1.75579 1.82420 1.56152 1.60279 t Hg arc IR 1060.0 1.50669 1.75445 1.82293 1.56088 1.60190 Nd laser IR 1300.0 1.50370 1.74901 1.81764 1.55796 1.59813 InGaAsP laser IR 1500.0 1.50127 1.74554 1.81412 1.55575 1.59550 IR 1550.0 1.50065 1.74474 1.81329 1.55520 1.59487 IR 1970.1 1.49495 1.73843 1.80657 1.55032 1.58958 Hg arc IR 2325.4 1.48921 1.73294 1.80055 1.54556 1.58465 Hg arc IR Visit Us Online! www.mellesgriot.com 1 4.9 Fundamental Optics Gaussian Beam Optics Optical Specifications Material Properties Optical Coatings
Page 1 and 2:
Fundamental Optics 1 Introduction 1
Page 3 and 4:
Paraxial Formulas SIGN CONVENTIONS
Page 5 and 6:
object F 2 Figure 1.4 image Example
Page 7 and 8:
Figure 1.6 Figure 1.7 f f 2 object
Page 9 and 10:
Figure 1.8 Figure 1.9 INDIVIDUAL EL
Page 11 and 12:
Performance Factors After paraxial
Page 13 and 14: third-order, monochromatic, spheric
Page 15 and 16: Positive lens elements usually have
Page 17 and 18: Lens Shape Aberrations described in
Page 19 and 20: ay f-numbers 2.7 3.3 4.4 6.7 13.3 S
Page 21 and 22: AIRY DISC DIAMETER = 2.44 l f/# Fig
Page 23 and 24: Lens Selection Having discussed the
Page 25 and 26: Example 4: Diffraction-Limited Perf
Page 27 and 28: Aberration Balancing To improve sys
Page 29 and 30: Definition of Terms FOCAL LENGTH (f
Page 31 and 32: infinity (which is a comfortable vi
Page 33 and 34: For symmetric lenses (r 2 = 4r 1 ),
Page 35 and 36: Separation of Nodal Point from Corr
Page 37 and 38: Gaussian Beam Optics 2 Introduction
Page 39 and 40: Even if a Gaussian TEM 00 laser-bea
Page 41 and 42: eam expander INCORPORATING M 2 INTO
Page 43 and 44: M 2 AND THE LENS EQUATION For real-
Page 45 and 46: employed when laser power must be c
Page 47 and 48: Figure 2.13 Keplerian beam expander
Page 49 and 50: Optical Specifications 3 Wavefront
Page 51 and 52: Centration The mechanical axis and
Page 53 and 54: PERFECT RECTANGULAR LENS The MDMTF
Page 55 and 56: The permissible number of maximum-s
Page 57 and 58: Material Properties 4 Material Prop
Page 59 and 60: Introduction Glass manufacturers pr
Page 61 and 62: maximum value for homogeneity withi
Page 63: Melles Griot Lens Materials Melles
Page 67 and 68: Synthetic Fused Silica Fused silica
Page 69 and 70: PERCENT INTERNAL TRANSMITTANCE 99.9
Page 71 and 72: Low-Expansion Borosilicate Glass Th
Page 73 and 74: ZERODUR ® Many optical application
Page 75 and 76: Optical Coatings 5 Optical Coatings
Page 77 and 78: OEM and Special Coatings Melles Gri
Page 79 and 80: PERCENT REFLECTANCE 100 90 80 70 60
Page 81 and 82: will depend on the ratio of optical
Page 83 and 84: v = angle of incidence PERCENT REFL
Page 85 and 86: PERCENT REFLECTANCE PER SURFACE 2.0
Page 87 and 88: Two-Layer Coatings of Arbitrary Thi
Page 89 and 90: ION-ASSISTED BOMBARDMENT Ion-assist
Page 91 and 92: Single-Layer MgF 2 Antireflection C
Page 93 and 94: PERCENT REFLECTANCE 5 4 3 2 1 norma
Page 95 and 96: EXTENDED-RANGE HEBBAR ANTIREFLECTIO
Page 97 and 98: V-Coatings V-coatings are multilaye
Page 99 and 100: Metallic High-Reflection Coatings W
Page 101 and 102: INTERNAL SILVER (/036) $ For intern
Page 103 and 104: Dielectric High-Reflection Coatings
Page 105 and 106: PERCENT REFLECTANCE 100 80 60 40 20
Page 107 and 108: MAXBRIte Coatings MAXBRIte (multi
Page 109 and 110: Laser-Line MAX-R Coatings These mu
Page 111 and 112: Ultrafast Coating Melles Griot has
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