BALTICA17 - KlaipÄdos universitetas

More documents

Recommendations

Info

The Moskva River Basin in the Iron Age–Migration Period nų, taip pat ir iš Baltijos jūros regiono. visos Djakovo kultūros gyvenviečių sistemos žlugimas įvyksta ne vėliau nei vII a. Gyventojų skaičius drastiškai mažėja ir tampa archeologijos metodais nefiksuojamas. vis dėlto daugybė Maskvos regiono prieš slavus atsiradusių vietovardžių ir upėvardžių patvirtina tradicijų tęstinumą. vertė Audronė Bliujienė NIKOLAI A. KRENKE 100
SKOMANTAI HILL-FORT IN WESTERN LITHUANIA: A CASE STUDY ON HABITATION SITE AND ENVIRONMENT AUDRONĖ BLIUJIENĖ, MIGLĖ STANČIKAITĖ, DALIA KISIELIENĖ JONAS MAŽEIKA, RIČARDAS TARAŠKEVIČIUS, SEBASTIAN MESSAL, PIOTR SZWARCZEWSKI, JAROSŁAW KUSIAK, RIMUTĖ STAKĖNIENĖ ARCHAEOLOGIA BALTICA 17 Abstract Hill-forts are visually distinct archaeological monuments of the Lithuanian landscape; despite excavations that have recently become more intensive, more often than not we still make judgments of hill-forts on the basis of their surviving image, which is assumed to reflect the final stage of their existence. Usually our knowledge about the size of the settlement at its foot, its planigraphy, and of course chronology, is too slender to make any conclusions. By employing complex non-destructive research methods (palynological, geochemical, lithological and geomagnetic analysis, as well as 14 C and thermoluminescence dating), the article discusses the time of the rise and the abandonment of Skomantai hill-fort and settlements, the hierarchical relations with the hill-fort as an object forming the settlement structure of the neighbouring area, both settlements at the foot of the hill, and the surrounding burial grounds and monuments, all of which make up a micro-region. As the economic model of the community and the social structure of society changed, the relations between the hill-fort and the settlements changed, as did the purpose of the hill-fort. Key words: western Lithuania, Skomantai, hill-fort, settlements, micro-region, human activity, non-destructive research methods, 14 C dating, thermoluminescence dating. Skomantai and Lithuanian hill-forts Hill-forts, or strongholds, are the most fascinating and visually best-known archaeological monuments in Lithuania. They have been typical in Europe since the Bronze Age, and in the east Baltic region this type of habitation site originates in the second millennium BC (Grigaravičienė 1995, p.27; Kristiansen 2000, pp.154ff, 300ff; Sperling, Luik 2010, p.140ff). In northeast Europe and the Baltic Sea rim, especially in the east Baltic region, hill-forts with wooden castles were in use until the Middle Ages (Zabiela 2005). The importance of these sites increased especially in the first millennium AD, and it is a fact that hill-forts did not lose their importance as central sites until the end of the 14th century AD, when they were burned down in battles with the Livonian or Teutonic orders, or just abandoned after the political situation had changed. Naturally, human activity after changes in environmental and climatic circumstances, different forms of the economy, the influence of internal and external factors, and relations between the hill-fort and the settlements at the foot changed constantly during such a long period of time. If we look at Lithuania’s archaeological monuments, we can see clearly the large number of hill-forts compared to neighbouring countries. In 2004, when the atlas of Lithuania’s hill-forts was being compiled, data from around 993 former and existing hill-forts was available, whereas in 2010 the number of actually surviving hill-forts was around 860 (Zabiela 2005, p.7; Zabiela 2008, p.139). According to data from 2010, between 490 and 500 hill-forts are recorded in Latvia, of which 67 of these fascinating sites have been archaeologically investigated to some degree (Jānis Ciglis, personal communication). Only 133 hill-forts are known in Estonia, and archaeological excavations have been conducted at 61 of these (Tõnisson 2008, p.39ff, Fig. 6; Tvauri 2012, p.39, Fig. 7). The number of hill-forts situated in the Kaliningrad region is actually small, around 150 to 160; besides, only ten of these have been excavated (Hollack 1908; Crome 1940, pp.83-154). In Belarus, there might be more than III FOOTMARKS OF THE EVERYDAY LIFE OF SOCIETIES IN EARLY URBAN SETTLEMENTS AND CITIES 101
Page 1 and 2:
ARCHAEOLOGIA BALTICA17 PEOPLE AT TH
Page 3 and 4:
KLAIPĖDA UNIVERSITY PEOPLE AT THE
Page 5 and 6:
CONTENTS Preface 7 I. PEOPLE AT THE
Page 7 and 8:
PREFACE The existence of mankind is
Page 9 and 10:
Conference moments. Polish colleagu
Page 11 and 12:
ARCHAEOLOGIA BALTICA 17 In the terr
Page 13:
ARCHAEOLOGIA BALTICA 17 Participant
Page 16 and 17:
Continuity of Research and Research
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
The International Archaeologists’
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
The Grobiņa Complex of Dwelling Lo
Page 36 and 37:
INGRIDA LIGA VIRSE, RITVARS RITUMS
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42:
Page 46 and 47:
The Significance of Deposits of Nat
Page 48 and 49:
MIRJA OTS The Significance of Depos
Page 50 and 51: MIRJA OTS The Significance of Depos
Page 52 and 53: The Significance of Deposits of Nat
Page 60 and 61: Trade, Salt And Amber. The Formatio
Page 62 and 63: BARTOSZ KONTNY Trade, Salt And Ambe
Page 76: Trade, Salt And Amber. The Formatio
Page 80 and 81: Early Slavs in the Southwest Baltic
Page 82 and 83: SEBASTIAN MESSAL, BARTŁOMIEJ ROGAL
Page 92 and 93: NIKOLAI A. KRENKE The Moskva River
Page 102 and 103: Skomantai Hill- Fort in Western Lit
Page 112 and 113: AUDRONĖ BLIUJIENĖ, MIGLĖ STANČI
Page 136 and 137: Structure, Chronology and Interregi
Page 138 and 139: ROMAS JAROCKIS Structure, Chronolog
Page 146 and 147: Structure, Chronology and Interregi
Page 150 and 151:
Structure, Chronology and Interregi
Page 152 and 153:
Of Friends and Food: Dogs in Mediev
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Renaissance Footwear as a Mark of S
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170:
Page 174:
Klaipėdos universiteto leidykla AR
Page 178 and 179:
Plates 1 1 2 II Plate II MIRJA OTS
Page 180 and 181:
Plates 1 2 IV Plate IV INGRIDA LIGA
Page 182 and 183:
Plates 1 2 4 3 VI Plate VI ARŪNAS
Page 184:
Plates 1 2 3 VIII Plate VIII ROMAS
show all

BALTICA17 - KlaipÄdos universitetas

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?

BALTICA17 - KlaipÄdos universitetas