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Williams Creek Watershed Issues Aquatic Resource Issues (Based on federal and state law) In-stream conditions Endangered Species Act Coho salmon – Threatened Steelhead trout - Candidate Clean Water Act 303 (d) List Powell Creek (mouth to headwaters) Parameter for listing – temp >65° F. Williams Creek (mouth to E/W Fork confluence) Parameter for listing – temp >65° F. Fisheries Habitat Conditions - Lack of large woody debris (LWD) - Few backwater pools, beaver ponds or alcoves - Presence of introduced aquatic species - Some substrate embeddedness Potential Fish Barriers - Push-up dams - Diversion dams and unscreened ditches - Culverts Channel Modifications - Channelization and impoundment of streams - Removal of streams from natural course to ditches (i.e.: Davidson Creek) - Wetlands cut off from creeks Water Use Impacts - Seasonal low stream flows - Few and insufficient in-stream water rights - Dewatering of seasonal creeks - Inefficient ditch and irrigation systems - Illegal water diversions - Withdrawal of groundwater Riparian and upslope conditions Water Quality Impacts - High water temperatures - Low dissolved oxygen - High winter turbidity - Excessive algal growth - Use of ditch cleaning, roadside and household pesticides - Leaky septic systems Land Use Impacts - Increased sediment run-off from residential, agricultural, road building, gravel extraction and forestry activities - Removal of riparian vegetation - Insufficient diversity of riparian tree species - Erosion and destabilization of stream banks - High road density Williams Creek Watershed Assessment xiv
Agencies and Jurisdictions Agencies representing federal, state, regional, and local interests have varying levels of jurisdiction in the Williams Creek Watershed. Many of these jurisdictions overlap in their areas of responsibility, and some overlap in geographical area as well. The Williams Creek and Applegate River Watershed Councils coordinate with these and other nongovernmental agencies to protect and enhance aquatic ecosystems. The primary government agencies involved in managing the watershed’s resources include: Josephine and Jackson Counties Josephine Soil and Water Conservation District (SWCD) Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF) Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA) Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) Oregon Water Resources Department (OWRD) Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development (DLCD) Division of State Lands (DSL) Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) U.S. Department of Interior (BLM) U.S. Department of Agriculture (USFS) U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resource and Conservation Service (NRCS) U.S. Fish and Wildlife (USFW) National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) of the U.S Department of Commerce County Level The majority of the watershed is in Josephine County, including the unincorporated town of Williams. Josephine County owns 3.2% of the watershed, which is managed by the Josephine County Department of Forestry primarily for timber production. A small amount of land (59.7 acres) falls under the jurisdiction of Jackson County and is zoned as Forest Reserve and Woodlot Resource. Section 72.040(A) of the Josephine County Rural Zoning Ordinance establishes protection for bank stabilization and riparian protection. Riparian setbacks are defined based on stream size. There is a 50-foot setback along the banks of Class 1 streams and a 25-foot setback along the banks of Class 2 streams for all structures “other than boat landings, docks, bridges, hydroelectric facilities, pumping or water treatment facilities.” It further requires that “streamside vegetation that provides shading of surface waters [shall] be retained.” Section 72.040(B) requires that structures be set back 300 feet from “significant rookeries or nest sites identified by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife and located as a Goal 5 Resource on the official zoning maps for Josephine County.” The county is Williams Creek Watershed Assessment xv
Page 1 and 2: Williams Creek Watershed Assessment
Page 3 and 4: Abstract This document is the Willi
Page 5 and 6: Hydrology and Water Use . . . . . .
Page 7 and 8: List of Tables Table 1: Forest land
Page 9 and 10: List of Figures Figure 1: Williams
Page 11 and 12: • Water Quality Summer water temp
Page 13: Williams Creek Watershed Council Th
Page 17 and 18: data to determine if these standard
Page 19 and 20: Legislation and Management Plans Th
Page 21 and 22: Figure 1: Williams Creek Watershed,
Page 23 and 24: 3 1 2 1. Pennington Creek 2. Lower
Page 25 and 26: Land Use Land use in the Williams C
Page 27 and 28: Williams Creek Land Use Zoning N W
Page 29 and 30: Williams Creek Watershed Land Owner
Page 31 and 32: the winter season. The TSZ is subje
Page 33 and 34: that drain to the East Fork of Will
Page 35 and 36: Botanical Resource Areas To protect
Page 37 and 38: About 153 million years ago, the ol
Page 39 and 40: Appendix A: Williams Creek Watershe
Page 41 and 42: Appendix B: Williams Creek Watershe
Page 43 and 44: Appendix F: Williams Creek Watershe
Page 45 and 46: Appendix F: Williams Creek Watershe
Page 47 and 48: OWRD. 1985. Rogue River Basin Study
Page 49 and 50: Figure 8: Native People of the Appl
Page 51 and 52: the gold amalgamates, which was the
Page 53 and 54: today. Longtime Williams residents
Page 55 and 56: Figure 10: Oxen Hauling Logs to the
Page 57 and 58: The Applegate River and its tributa
Page 59 and 60: conditions. This has created a shif
Page 61 and 62: Appendix A: Historical Conditions b
Page 63 and 64: Appendix B: Historical Timeline ~22
Page 65 and 66:
ODFW. 1999. Estimates of Adult Coho
Page 67 and 68:
RESULTS Williams Creek and its trib
Page 69 and 70:
MC: Moderate Gradient Confined Chan
Page 71 and 72:
DISCUSSION Figure 11: Percentages o
Page 73 and 74:
Channel sensitivity, distribution o
Page 75 and 76:
Appendix B: Channel Habitat Types w
Page 77 and 78:
HYDROLOGY AND WATER USE INTRODUCTIO
Page 79 and 80:
Stream Flow The data for this secti
Page 81 and 82:
Table 6: Elevation and precipitatio
Page 83 and 84:
Figure 13: Precipitation Isohyetals
Page 85 and 86:
hydrology is dominated by three fac
Page 87 and 88:
Figure 16: Stream flows (cfs) near
Page 89 and 90:
Figure 19: Monthly water availabili
Page 91 and 92:
Groundwater Large quantities of gro
Page 93 and 94:
Table 10: Water rights summary for
Page 95 and 96:
DISCUSSION The pattern of precipita
Page 97 and 98:
Appendix A: Geology of the Williams
Page 99 and 100:
WATER QUALITY INTRODUCTION Water qu
Page 101 and 102:
levels of dissolved oxygen. The Ore
Page 103 and 104:
METHODS All of the data presented i
Page 105 and 106:
mainstem of Williams Creek exceeded
Page 107 and 108:
Figure 25: Continuous daily tempera
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 29: Continuous daily tempera
Page 111 and 112:
pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Alkalinity, C
Page 113 and 114:
Table 19: Levels of nitrate. The cr
Page 115 and 116:
Site Date Storm? Turbidity Williams
Page 117 and 118:
aquatic weeds and algae. Algae can
Page 119 and 120:
References ARWC. 2000. Draft Propos
Page 121 and 122:
devegetation, road building, or oth
Page 123 and 124:
5. The BLM Mining Claim Microfiche
Page 125 and 126:
plugged or undersized culverts caus
Page 127 and 128:
Private timber companies who have h
Page 129 and 130:
Table 26: Signed Private and Public
Page 131 and 132:
Review of the Josephine County Geol
Page 133 and 134:
absence of any plan of operations.
Page 135 and 136:
Similarly, in the West Fork subwate
Page 137 and 138:
Appendix A: Soils of the Williams C
Page 139 and 140:
Appendix B: Williams Creek Watershe
Page 141 and 142:
ODFa. 1998. Progress on Landslide S
Page 143 and 144:
debris, and stream shade percentage
Page 145 and 146:
Table 30: Observation data for the
Page 147 and 148:
was not analyzed for this assessmen
Page 149 and 150:
of Rock Creek, Pipe Fork, Munger Cr
Page 151 and 152:
References ARWC. 1994. Applegate Wa
Page 153 and 154:
The Williams Valley is now criss-cr
Page 155 and 156:
RESULTS Locations of Wetlands in th
Page 157 and 158:
The Classification of Wetlands and
Page 159 and 160:
References BLM. 2000. Medford Distr
Page 161 and 162:
METHODS Data on the location, timin
Page 163 and 164:
As recently as 1973, in-stream grav
Page 165 and 166:
100-year floodplain in the Williams
Page 167 and 168:
Williams Creek and have potential c
Page 169 and 170:
Table 37: Channel Habitat Types wit
Page 171 and 172:
Appendix A: Approximate Locations o
Page 173 and 174:
Appendix B: Channel Modifications (
Page 175 and 176:
Appendix B: Channel Modifications (
Page 177 and 178:
FISH AND FISH HABITAT INTRODUCTION
Page 179 and 180:
spawn after only two summers in the
Page 181 and 182:
spawning runs into small tributarie
Page 183 and 184:
Fluvial cutthroat migrate between t
Page 185 and 186:
Bill Creek > Right Hand Fork > West
Page 187 and 188:
• 1994 ODFW Stream Survey The vol
Page 189 and 190:
Fish Populations: Stream surveyors
Page 191 and 192:
• Cutthroat Trout Electrofishing
Page 193 and 194:
ODFW found trout (probably offsprin
Page 195 and 196:
Tree Branch Creek > Lone Creek > We
Page 197 and 198:
Instream Habitat, Valley Morphology
Page 199 and 200:
Table 53: Chinook Salmon Spawning S
Page 201 and 202:
Maximum Stream Temperatures: Table
Page 203 and 204:
69 pools with a maximum depth of 1.
Page 205 and 206:
DISCUSSION Life Cycle Factors To di
Page 207 and 208:
spawning tributaries. Drought condi
Page 209 and 210:
function in the Williams Creek Wate
Page 211 and 212:
A substantial beaver colony was fou
Page 213 and 214:
Appendix B: Approximate Coho Distri
Page 215 and 216:
Appendix D: Approximate Summer Stee
Page 217 and 218:
Appendix F: Fish Barriers in the Wi
Page 219 and 220:
Appendix G: Stream Surveys, Riparia
Page 221 and 222:
References Anonymous. n.d. Abbrevia
Page 223 and 224:
Frissell, C.A., W.J. Liss, R.E. Gre
Page 225 and 226:
ODFW. 1995. Williams Creek Stream R
Page 227 and 228:
Data Gaps: • Incomplete records o
Page 229 and 230:
Water diversions also directly affe
Page 231 and 232:
with storm events. Turbidity was ge
Page 233 and 234:
mines, slope instability not relate
Page 235 and 236:
• Provide incentives for property
Page 237 and 238:
long-term impact of confining the c
Page 239 and 240:
• Quantify the 1997 flood effects
Page 241 and 242:
hydric soils: Saturated soils that
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