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Table of Contents List of Tables and Figures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii-ix Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .x-xi Goals and Objectives of the Williams Creek Watershed Assessment. . . . . . . . . . . . . xii Williams Creek Watershed Council . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Williams Creek Watershed Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiv Agencies and Jurisdictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xv-xviii Legislation and Management Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix Acronyms and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xx Watershed Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Ecoregions, Land Use, Land Ownership. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8 Population, Climate, and Hydrology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-10 Vegetation and Vegetation Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-13 Botanical Resource Areas, Port-Orford Cedar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-15 Noxious and Invasive Weeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Wildlife, Geology, Soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-17 Appendix A: Williams Creek Watershed Special Status Species—Plants . . . . . . . 18 Appendix B: Williams Creek Watershed Special Status Species—Vertebrates . . . . . .19 Appendix C: Williams Creek Watershed Special Status Species—Invertebrate. . . . . .20 Appendix D: Williams Creek Watershed Special Status Species—Aquatic . . . . . . . .21 Appendix E: Williams Creek Watershed Special Status Species—Molluscs . . . . . . .21 Appendix F: Williams Creek Watershed—Soil Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Historical Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Native Americans, Fur and Gold, First Settlers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27-32 Commercial Fisheries, Grazing, Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32-35 Transportation, Flooding and Channel Modifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-37 Fire, Later Settlers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37-38 Appendix A: Historical Conditions by Subwatershed . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39-41 Appendix B: Historical Timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Channel Habitat Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Introduction, Methods, and Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45-46 Description of Channel Habitat Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46-49 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50-52 Appendix A: Channel Habitat Type Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Appendix B: Channel Habitat Types with Fish Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Williams Creek Watershed Assessment iv
Hydrology and Water Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56 Methods: Land Use, Precipitation, Stream Flow, Water Use . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Results: Land Use, Precipitation, Stream Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58-69 Groundwater, Water Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70-73 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Appendix A: Geology of the Williams Creek Watershed Map . . . . . . . . . . . 76 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, pH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79-80 Nutrients, Turbidity, Alkalinity, Conductivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80-81 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 Results: 303(d) Listing, Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82-89 pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Alkalinity, Conductivity, Turbidity, Nutrients . . . . . . . .90-94 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Sediment Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Sediment Transport Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102 Sediment Sources in the Williams Creek Watershed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102 Roads (Commercial Forest and Rural Road Erosion) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102-108 Riparian Erosion Associated with Livestock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109 Slope Instability, not Related to Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109 Erosion from Agricultural Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110 Sedimentation from Mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110 Erosion from Burned Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112 Miscellaneous Sediment Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Appendix A: Soils of the Williams Creek Watershed . . . . . . . . . . . . .116-117 Appendix B: Roads and Stream Intersections Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118 Riparian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123 Observation Data for Individual Subwatersheds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124-125 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126 Appendix A: Riparian Plant List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129 Williams Creek Watershed Assessment v
Page 1 and 2: Williams Creek Watershed Assessment
Page 3: Abstract This document is the Willi
Page 7 and 8: List of Tables Table 1: Forest land
Page 9 and 10: List of Figures Figure 1: Williams
Page 11 and 12: • Water Quality Summer water temp
Page 13 and 14: Williams Creek Watershed Council Th
Page 15 and 16: Agencies and Jurisdictions Agencies
Page 17 and 18: data to determine if these standard
Page 19 and 20: Legislation and Management Plans Th
Page 21 and 22: Figure 1: Williams Creek Watershed,
Page 23 and 24: 3 1 2 1. Pennington Creek 2. Lower
Page 25 and 26: Land Use Land use in the Williams C
Page 27 and 28: Williams Creek Land Use Zoning N W
Page 29 and 30: Williams Creek Watershed Land Owner
Page 31 and 32: the winter season. The TSZ is subje
Page 33 and 34: that drain to the East Fork of Will
Page 35 and 36: Botanical Resource Areas To protect
Page 37 and 38: About 153 million years ago, the ol
Page 39 and 40: Appendix A: Williams Creek Watershe
Page 41 and 42: Appendix B: Williams Creek Watershe
Page 43 and 44: Appendix F: Williams Creek Watershe
Page 45 and 46: Appendix F: Williams Creek Watershe
Page 47 and 48: OWRD. 1985. Rogue River Basin Study
Page 49 and 50: Figure 8: Native People of the Appl
Page 51 and 52: the gold amalgamates, which was the
Page 53 and 54: today. Longtime Williams residents
Page 55 and 56:
Figure 10: Oxen Hauling Logs to the
Page 57 and 58:
The Applegate River and its tributa
Page 59 and 60:
conditions. This has created a shif
Page 61 and 62:
Appendix A: Historical Conditions b
Page 63 and 64:
Appendix B: Historical Timeline ~22
Page 65 and 66:
ODFW. 1999. Estimates of Adult Coho
Page 67 and 68:
RESULTS Williams Creek and its trib
Page 69 and 70:
MC: Moderate Gradient Confined Chan
Page 71 and 72:
DISCUSSION Figure 11: Percentages o
Page 73 and 74:
Channel sensitivity, distribution o
Page 75 and 76:
Appendix B: Channel Habitat Types w
Page 77 and 78:
HYDROLOGY AND WATER USE INTRODUCTIO
Page 79 and 80:
Stream Flow The data for this secti
Page 81 and 82:
Table 6: Elevation and precipitatio
Page 83 and 84:
Figure 13: Precipitation Isohyetals
Page 85 and 86:
hydrology is dominated by three fac
Page 87 and 88:
Figure 16: Stream flows (cfs) near
Page 89 and 90:
Figure 19: Monthly water availabili
Page 91 and 92:
Groundwater Large quantities of gro
Page 93 and 94:
Table 10: Water rights summary for
Page 95 and 96:
DISCUSSION The pattern of precipita
Page 97 and 98:
Appendix A: Geology of the Williams
Page 99 and 100:
WATER QUALITY INTRODUCTION Water qu
Page 101 and 102:
levels of dissolved oxygen. The Ore
Page 103 and 104:
METHODS All of the data presented i
Page 105 and 106:
mainstem of Williams Creek exceeded
Page 107 and 108:
Figure 25: Continuous daily tempera
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 29: Continuous daily tempera
Page 111 and 112:
pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Alkalinity, C
Page 113 and 114:
Table 19: Levels of nitrate. The cr
Page 115 and 116:
Site Date Storm? Turbidity Williams
Page 117 and 118:
aquatic weeds and algae. Algae can
Page 119 and 120:
References ARWC. 2000. Draft Propos
Page 121 and 122:
devegetation, road building, or oth
Page 123 and 124:
5. The BLM Mining Claim Microfiche
Page 125 and 126:
plugged or undersized culverts caus
Page 127 and 128:
Private timber companies who have h
Page 129 and 130:
Table 26: Signed Private and Public
Page 131 and 132:
Review of the Josephine County Geol
Page 133 and 134:
absence of any plan of operations.
Page 135 and 136:
Similarly, in the West Fork subwate
Page 137 and 138:
Appendix A: Soils of the Williams C
Page 139 and 140:
Appendix B: Williams Creek Watershe
Page 141 and 142:
ODFa. 1998. Progress on Landslide S
Page 143 and 144:
debris, and stream shade percentage
Page 145 and 146:
Table 30: Observation data for the
Page 147 and 148:
was not analyzed for this assessmen
Page 149 and 150:
of Rock Creek, Pipe Fork, Munger Cr
Page 151 and 152:
References ARWC. 1994. Applegate Wa
Page 153 and 154:
The Williams Valley is now criss-cr
Page 155 and 156:
RESULTS Locations of Wetlands in th
Page 157 and 158:
The Classification of Wetlands and
Page 159 and 160:
References BLM. 2000. Medford Distr
Page 161 and 162:
METHODS Data on the location, timin
Page 163 and 164:
As recently as 1973, in-stream grav
Page 165 and 166:
100-year floodplain in the Williams
Page 167 and 168:
Williams Creek and have potential c
Page 169 and 170:
Table 37: Channel Habitat Types wit
Page 171 and 172:
Appendix A: Approximate Locations o
Page 173 and 174:
Appendix B: Channel Modifications (
Page 175 and 176:
Appendix B: Channel Modifications (
Page 177 and 178:
FISH AND FISH HABITAT INTRODUCTION
Page 179 and 180:
spawn after only two summers in the
Page 181 and 182:
spawning runs into small tributarie
Page 183 and 184:
Fluvial cutthroat migrate between t
Page 185 and 186:
Bill Creek > Right Hand Fork > West
Page 187 and 188:
• 1994 ODFW Stream Survey The vol
Page 189 and 190:
Fish Populations: Stream surveyors
Page 191 and 192:
• Cutthroat Trout Electrofishing
Page 193 and 194:
ODFW found trout (probably offsprin
Page 195 and 196:
Tree Branch Creek > Lone Creek > We
Page 197 and 198:
Instream Habitat, Valley Morphology
Page 199 and 200:
Table 53: Chinook Salmon Spawning S
Page 201 and 202:
Maximum Stream Temperatures: Table
Page 203 and 204:
69 pools with a maximum depth of 1.
Page 205 and 206:
DISCUSSION Life Cycle Factors To di
Page 207 and 208:
spawning tributaries. Drought condi
Page 209 and 210:
function in the Williams Creek Wate
Page 211 and 212:
A substantial beaver colony was fou
Page 213 and 214:
Appendix B: Approximate Coho Distri
Page 215 and 216:
Appendix D: Approximate Summer Stee
Page 217 and 218:
Appendix F: Fish Barriers in the Wi
Page 219 and 220:
Appendix G: Stream Surveys, Riparia
Page 221 and 222:
References Anonymous. n.d. Abbrevia
Page 223 and 224:
Frissell, C.A., W.J. Liss, R.E. Gre
Page 225 and 226:
ODFW. 1995. Williams Creek Stream R
Page 227 and 228:
Data Gaps: • Incomplete records o
Page 229 and 230:
Water diversions also directly affe
Page 231 and 232:
with storm events. Turbidity was ge
Page 233 and 234:
mines, slope instability not relate
Page 235 and 236:
• Provide incentives for property
Page 237 and 238:
long-term impact of confining the c
Page 239 and 240:
• Quantify the 1997 flood effects
Page 241 and 242:
hydric soils: Saturated soils that
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