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Figure 7: Vegetation Zone Map Vegetation Zone Legend Low elevation zones Dry Oak Conifer Zone: white Interior Tanoak Zone: orange Moist Mixed Conifer Zone: green Douglas Fir-Chinkapin Zone: green High elevation zones Cool Mixed Conifer Zone: pink White Fir Zone: blue Shasta Fir Zone: yellow Source: Gene Hickman, NRCS, February 1995. Williams Creek Watershed Assessment 13
Botanical Resource Areas To protect and study some of the intact higher elevation plant communities, the BLM has established two Resource Natural Areas (RNAs) in the southern part of the watershed: Grayback Glade RNA (1,069 acres) and Pipe Fork RNA (529 acres). The primary objective of the Grayback Glade RNA is to research and establish a baseline study area in a white fir/ Port-Orford cedar plant community and an aquatic first order stream. Pipe Fork RNA is a scientific research and baseline study area, which contains prime examples of Port-Orford cedar/Oregon grape and Port-Orford cedar/salal communities. Both of these areas are closed to timber harvest, off-road vehicle use, and mineral entry (BLM 1996). Port-Orford Cedar The Williams Creek Watershed contains the state’s easternmost stands of Port-Orford cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsonia), a survivor of the Ice Age that is found only in the forests of southwestern Oregon and northwestern California. Associated with moist drainages, Port-Orford cedar is common in the middle to higher elevation riparian areas of the watershed. This species is threatened across its range by a fatal root disease caused by a fungal pathogen called Phytophthora lateralis. Because of its integral importance in providing shade and long-lasting woody debris to aquatic systems, the demise of Port Orford cedar is of great concern from a fisheries perspective. As of July 1998, approximately 1,500-2,000 acres of the Williams Creek Watershed are known to be infected by the root disease. The Medford District BLM is currently implementing experimental management and monitoring strategies to try to contain the disease (Betlejewski, F. BLM. Personal communication March 1999). Noxious and Invasive Weeds Noxious weeds are defined as any plant species that is injurious to public health, agriculture, wildlife, or recreation on private or public property, as determined by the Oregon State Weed Board of the Oregon Department of Agriculture. Noxious weeds that are found in the Williams Creek Watershed include bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare), yellow star thistle (Centaurea solstitialis), meadow knapweed (Centaurea pratensis), and Scotch Broom (Cytisis scoparius). These species are commonly found in lower elevation areas where human disturbance is more prevalent, but scattered populations have also been located along roadways in the upper reaches of the watershed. Road right-of-ways are frequently an invasion path for noxious weeds. Non-native plants that have the ability to out-compete native plant species are known as ‘invasive plants.’ In the Williams Creek Watershed, invasive plant species include Himalayan blackberry (Rubus procerus) and reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea). Himalayan blackberry often dominates the low shrub layer along disturbed edges of riparian areas, and although its dense, pernicious thickets can help to stabilize potentially Williams Creek Watershed Assessment 14
Page 1 and 2: Williams Creek Watershed Assessment
Page 3 and 4: Abstract This document is the Willi
Page 5 and 6: Hydrology and Water Use . . . . . .
Page 7 and 8: List of Tables Table 1: Forest land
Page 9 and 10: List of Figures Figure 1: Williams
Page 11 and 12: • Water Quality Summer water temp
Page 13 and 14: Williams Creek Watershed Council Th
Page 15 and 16: Agencies and Jurisdictions Agencies
Page 17 and 18: data to determine if these standard
Page 19 and 20: Legislation and Management Plans Th
Page 21 and 22: Figure 1: Williams Creek Watershed,
Page 23 and 24: 3 1 2 1. Pennington Creek 2. Lower
Page 25 and 26: Land Use Land use in the Williams C
Page 27 and 28: Williams Creek Land Use Zoning N W
Page 29 and 30: Williams Creek Watershed Land Owner
Page 31 and 32: the winter season. The TSZ is subje
Page 33: that drain to the East Fork of Will
Page 37 and 38: About 153 million years ago, the ol
Page 39 and 40: Appendix A: Williams Creek Watershe
Page 41 and 42: Appendix B: Williams Creek Watershe
Page 43 and 44: Appendix F: Williams Creek Watershe
Page 45 and 46: Appendix F: Williams Creek Watershe
Page 47 and 48: OWRD. 1985. Rogue River Basin Study
Page 49 and 50: Figure 8: Native People of the Appl
Page 51 and 52: the gold amalgamates, which was the
Page 53 and 54: today. Longtime Williams residents
Page 55 and 56: Figure 10: Oxen Hauling Logs to the
Page 57 and 58: The Applegate River and its tributa
Page 59 and 60: conditions. This has created a shif
Page 61 and 62: Appendix A: Historical Conditions b
Page 63 and 64: Appendix B: Historical Timeline ~22
Page 65 and 66: ODFW. 1999. Estimates of Adult Coho
Page 67 and 68: RESULTS Williams Creek and its trib
Page 69 and 70: MC: Moderate Gradient Confined Chan
Page 71 and 72: DISCUSSION Figure 11: Percentages o
Page 73 and 74: Channel sensitivity, distribution o
Page 75 and 76: Appendix B: Channel Habitat Types w
Page 77 and 78: HYDROLOGY AND WATER USE INTRODUCTIO
Page 79 and 80: Stream Flow The data for this secti
Page 81 and 82: Table 6: Elevation and precipitatio
Page 83 and 84: Figure 13: Precipitation Isohyetals
Page 85 and 86:
hydrology is dominated by three fac
Page 87 and 88:
Figure 16: Stream flows (cfs) near
Page 89 and 90:
Figure 19: Monthly water availabili
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Groundwater Large quantities of gro
Page 93 and 94:
Table 10: Water rights summary for
Page 95 and 96:
DISCUSSION The pattern of precipita
Page 97 and 98:
Appendix A: Geology of the Williams
Page 99 and 100:
WATER QUALITY INTRODUCTION Water qu
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levels of dissolved oxygen. The Ore
Page 103 and 104:
METHODS All of the data presented i
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mainstem of Williams Creek exceeded
Page 107 and 108:
Figure 25: Continuous daily tempera
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 29: Continuous daily tempera
Page 111 and 112:
pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Alkalinity, C
Page 113 and 114:
Table 19: Levels of nitrate. The cr
Page 115 and 116:
Site Date Storm? Turbidity Williams
Page 117 and 118:
aquatic weeds and algae. Algae can
Page 119 and 120:
References ARWC. 2000. Draft Propos
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devegetation, road building, or oth
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5. The BLM Mining Claim Microfiche
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plugged or undersized culverts caus
Page 127 and 128:
Private timber companies who have h
Page 129 and 130:
Table 26: Signed Private and Public
Page 131 and 132:
Review of the Josephine County Geol
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absence of any plan of operations.
Page 135 and 136:
Similarly, in the West Fork subwate
Page 137 and 138:
Appendix A: Soils of the Williams C
Page 139 and 140:
Appendix B: Williams Creek Watershe
Page 141 and 142:
ODFa. 1998. Progress on Landslide S
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debris, and stream shade percentage
Page 145 and 146:
Table 30: Observation data for the
Page 147 and 148:
was not analyzed for this assessmen
Page 149 and 150:
of Rock Creek, Pipe Fork, Munger Cr
Page 151 and 152:
References ARWC. 1994. Applegate Wa
Page 153 and 154:
The Williams Valley is now criss-cr
Page 155 and 156:
RESULTS Locations of Wetlands in th
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The Classification of Wetlands and
Page 159 and 160:
References BLM. 2000. Medford Distr
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METHODS Data on the location, timin
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As recently as 1973, in-stream grav
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100-year floodplain in the Williams
Page 167 and 168:
Williams Creek and have potential c
Page 169 and 170:
Table 37: Channel Habitat Types wit
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Appendix A: Approximate Locations o
Page 173 and 174:
Appendix B: Channel Modifications (
Page 175 and 176:
Appendix B: Channel Modifications (
Page 177 and 178:
FISH AND FISH HABITAT INTRODUCTION
Page 179 and 180:
spawn after only two summers in the
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spawning runs into small tributarie
Page 183 and 184:
Fluvial cutthroat migrate between t
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Bill Creek > Right Hand Fork > West
Page 187 and 188:
• 1994 ODFW Stream Survey The vol
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Fish Populations: Stream surveyors
Page 191 and 192:
• Cutthroat Trout Electrofishing
Page 193 and 194:
ODFW found trout (probably offsprin
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Tree Branch Creek > Lone Creek > We
Page 197 and 198:
Instream Habitat, Valley Morphology
Page 199 and 200:
Table 53: Chinook Salmon Spawning S
Page 201 and 202:
Maximum Stream Temperatures: Table
Page 203 and 204:
69 pools with a maximum depth of 1.
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DISCUSSION Life Cycle Factors To di
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spawning tributaries. Drought condi
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function in the Williams Creek Wate
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A substantial beaver colony was fou
Page 213 and 214:
Appendix B: Approximate Coho Distri
Page 215 and 216:
Appendix D: Approximate Summer Stee
Page 217 and 218:
Appendix F: Fish Barriers in the Wi
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Appendix G: Stream Surveys, Riparia
Page 221 and 222:
References Anonymous. n.d. Abbrevia
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Frissell, C.A., W.J. Liss, R.E. Gre
Page 225 and 226:
ODFW. 1995. Williams Creek Stream R
Page 227 and 228:
Data Gaps: • Incomplete records o
Page 229 and 230:
Water diversions also directly affe
Page 231 and 232:
with storm events. Turbidity was ge
Page 233 and 234:
mines, slope instability not relate
Page 235 and 236:
• Provide incentives for property
Page 237 and 238:
long-term impact of confining the c
Page 239 and 240:
• Quantify the 1997 flood effects
Page 241 and 242:
hydric soils: Saturated soils that
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