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Wetlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134 Location of Wetlands in the Watershed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134 General Wetland Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136 Channel Modification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141 Current Channel Modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142 Channel Habitat Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145-147 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148 Appendix A: Channel Modification Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150 Appendix B: Channel Modification Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151-154 Fish and Fish Habitat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Introduction, Methods, and Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156-157 Stock Concept and Fish Life Cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157-161 Distribution and Stock Status/Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162 Production Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163 Stream Specific Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163-183 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184 Life Cycle Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184 Physical and Biological Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186 Integrating Salmonid Life Cycles with Limiting Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188 Key Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189 Restoration Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190 Appendix A: Approximate Fall Chinook Distribution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191 Appendix B: Approximate Coho Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192 Appendix C: Approximate Winter Steelhead Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193 Appendix D: Approximate Summer Steelhead Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194 Appendix E: ODFW Aquatic Habitat Benchmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195 Appendix F: Fish Barriers in the Williams Creek Watershed . . . . . . . . . . . .196-197 Appendix G: Stream Surveys, Riparian Surveys, Macroinvertebrate Studies, and Water Quality Studies in the Williams Creek Watershed . . . . .198-199 Watershed Condition Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219-221 Williams Creek Watershed Assessment vi
List of Tables Table 1: Forest lands in the Williams Creek Watershed Table 2: Population of Williams Table 3: Mileage of each Channel Habitat Type in Williams Creek Watershed and fish utilization of each type Table 4: Miles of Channel Habitat Type in each drainage Table 5: Land use zoning within the Williams Creek Watershed Table 6: Elevation and precipitation breakdown for the drainages within the Williams Creek Watershed Table 7: Precipitation type Table 8: Road and stream densities for the drainages of Williams Creek Table 9: Percent consumptive use Table 10: Water rights summary for the drainages of the Williams Creek Watershed Table 11: In-stream water rights in the Williams Creek Watershed Table 12: Level of impairment for water quality parameters Table 13: Stream segments in the Williams Creek Watershed that appear on the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality 303(d) list Table 14: Data collected from continuous temperature monitors installed by the ARWC during the 1998 summer season Table 15: Summary of water quality data collected in the Williams Creek Watershed by the ARWC during the 1998 summer Table 16: Level of impairment for the pH parameter Table 17: Level of impairment for the dissolved oxygen parameter Table 18: Levels of phosphate Table 19: Levels of nitrate Table 20: Summary of nutrient data collected in the Williams Creek Watershed by the ARWC during the 1998 summer Table 21: Turbidity data collected by the ARWC during the 1998-99 winter Table 22: Impairment levels for temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, Summer turbidity, phosphates, and nitrates Table 23: DEQ 303(d) Decision Matrix, 1998 Table 24: Estimated miles of commercial forest roads in Williams drainages Table 25: Josephine County Public Works road maintenance in the Williams Creek Watershed Table 26: Signed private and public right of way roads not maintained by the County Table 27: Livestock impact to streams by subwatershed Table 28: Active placer claims within the Williams Creek Watershed Table 29: Erosion, fine sediment, and benchmark comparison from 1994-1995 ODFW stream reports Table 30: Riparian observation data for the entire Williams Creek Watershed Table 31: Riparian observation data for Williams Creek subwatershed Table 32: Riparian observation data for East Fork subwatershed Table 33: Riparian observation data for West Fork subwatershed Table 34: Riparian observation data for Powell Creek subwatershed Williams Creek Watershed Assessment vii
Page 1 and 2: Williams Creek Watershed Assessment
Page 3 and 4: Abstract This document is the Willi
Page 5: Hydrology and Water Use . . . . . .
Page 9 and 10: List of Figures Figure 1: Williams
Page 11 and 12: • Water Quality Summer water temp
Page 13 and 14: Williams Creek Watershed Council Th
Page 15 and 16: Agencies and Jurisdictions Agencies
Page 17 and 18: data to determine if these standard
Page 19 and 20: Legislation and Management Plans Th
Page 21 and 22: Figure 1: Williams Creek Watershed,
Page 23 and 24: 3 1 2 1. Pennington Creek 2. Lower
Page 25 and 26: Land Use Land use in the Williams C
Page 27 and 28: Williams Creek Land Use Zoning N W
Page 29 and 30: Williams Creek Watershed Land Owner
Page 31 and 32: the winter season. The TSZ is subje
Page 33 and 34: that drain to the East Fork of Will
Page 35 and 36: Botanical Resource Areas To protect
Page 37 and 38: About 153 million years ago, the ol
Page 39 and 40: Appendix A: Williams Creek Watershe
Page 41 and 42: Appendix B: Williams Creek Watershe
Page 43 and 44: Appendix F: Williams Creek Watershe
Page 45 and 46: Appendix F: Williams Creek Watershe
Page 47 and 48: OWRD. 1985. Rogue River Basin Study
Page 49 and 50: Figure 8: Native People of the Appl
Page 51 and 52: the gold amalgamates, which was the
Page 53 and 54: today. Longtime Williams residents
Page 55 and 56: Figure 10: Oxen Hauling Logs to the
Page 57 and 58:
The Applegate River and its tributa
Page 59 and 60:
conditions. This has created a shif
Page 61 and 62:
Appendix A: Historical Conditions b
Page 63 and 64:
Appendix B: Historical Timeline ~22
Page 65 and 66:
ODFW. 1999. Estimates of Adult Coho
Page 67 and 68:
RESULTS Williams Creek and its trib
Page 69 and 70:
MC: Moderate Gradient Confined Chan
Page 71 and 72:
DISCUSSION Figure 11: Percentages o
Page 73 and 74:
Channel sensitivity, distribution o
Page 75 and 76:
Appendix B: Channel Habitat Types w
Page 77 and 78:
HYDROLOGY AND WATER USE INTRODUCTIO
Page 79 and 80:
Stream Flow The data for this secti
Page 81 and 82:
Table 6: Elevation and precipitatio
Page 83 and 84:
Figure 13: Precipitation Isohyetals
Page 85 and 86:
hydrology is dominated by three fac
Page 87 and 88:
Figure 16: Stream flows (cfs) near
Page 89 and 90:
Figure 19: Monthly water availabili
Page 91 and 92:
Groundwater Large quantities of gro
Page 93 and 94:
Table 10: Water rights summary for
Page 95 and 96:
DISCUSSION The pattern of precipita
Page 97 and 98:
Appendix A: Geology of the Williams
Page 99 and 100:
WATER QUALITY INTRODUCTION Water qu
Page 101 and 102:
levels of dissolved oxygen. The Ore
Page 103 and 104:
METHODS All of the data presented i
Page 105 and 106:
mainstem of Williams Creek exceeded
Page 107 and 108:
Figure 25: Continuous daily tempera
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 29: Continuous daily tempera
Page 111 and 112:
pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Alkalinity, C
Page 113 and 114:
Table 19: Levels of nitrate. The cr
Page 115 and 116:
Site Date Storm? Turbidity Williams
Page 117 and 118:
aquatic weeds and algae. Algae can
Page 119 and 120:
References ARWC. 2000. Draft Propos
Page 121 and 122:
devegetation, road building, or oth
Page 123 and 124:
5. The BLM Mining Claim Microfiche
Page 125 and 126:
plugged or undersized culverts caus
Page 127 and 128:
Private timber companies who have h
Page 129 and 130:
Table 26: Signed Private and Public
Page 131 and 132:
Review of the Josephine County Geol
Page 133 and 134:
absence of any plan of operations.
Page 135 and 136:
Similarly, in the West Fork subwate
Page 137 and 138:
Appendix A: Soils of the Williams C
Page 139 and 140:
Appendix B: Williams Creek Watershe
Page 141 and 142:
ODFa. 1998. Progress on Landslide S
Page 143 and 144:
debris, and stream shade percentage
Page 145 and 146:
Table 30: Observation data for the
Page 147 and 148:
was not analyzed for this assessmen
Page 149 and 150:
of Rock Creek, Pipe Fork, Munger Cr
Page 151 and 152:
References ARWC. 1994. Applegate Wa
Page 153 and 154:
The Williams Valley is now criss-cr
Page 155 and 156:
RESULTS Locations of Wetlands in th
Page 157 and 158:
The Classification of Wetlands and
Page 159 and 160:
References BLM. 2000. Medford Distr
Page 161 and 162:
METHODS Data on the location, timin
Page 163 and 164:
As recently as 1973, in-stream grav
Page 165 and 166:
100-year floodplain in the Williams
Page 167 and 168:
Williams Creek and have potential c
Page 169 and 170:
Table 37: Channel Habitat Types wit
Page 171 and 172:
Appendix A: Approximate Locations o
Page 173 and 174:
Appendix B: Channel Modifications (
Page 175 and 176:
Appendix B: Channel Modifications (
Page 177 and 178:
FISH AND FISH HABITAT INTRODUCTION
Page 179 and 180:
spawn after only two summers in the
Page 181 and 182:
spawning runs into small tributarie
Page 183 and 184:
Fluvial cutthroat migrate between t
Page 185 and 186:
Bill Creek > Right Hand Fork > West
Page 187 and 188:
• 1994 ODFW Stream Survey The vol
Page 189 and 190:
Fish Populations: Stream surveyors
Page 191 and 192:
• Cutthroat Trout Electrofishing
Page 193 and 194:
ODFW found trout (probably offsprin
Page 195 and 196:
Tree Branch Creek > Lone Creek > We
Page 197 and 198:
Instream Habitat, Valley Morphology
Page 199 and 200:
Table 53: Chinook Salmon Spawning S
Page 201 and 202:
Maximum Stream Temperatures: Table
Page 203 and 204:
69 pools with a maximum depth of 1.
Page 205 and 206:
DISCUSSION Life Cycle Factors To di
Page 207 and 208:
spawning tributaries. Drought condi
Page 209 and 210:
function in the Williams Creek Wate
Page 211 and 212:
A substantial beaver colony was fou
Page 213 and 214:
Appendix B: Approximate Coho Distri
Page 215 and 216:
Appendix D: Approximate Summer Stee
Page 217 and 218:
Appendix F: Fish Barriers in the Wi
Page 219 and 220:
Appendix G: Stream Surveys, Riparia
Page 221 and 222:
References Anonymous. n.d. Abbrevia
Page 223 and 224:
Frissell, C.A., W.J. Liss, R.E. Gre
Page 225 and 226:
ODFW. 1995. Williams Creek Stream R
Page 227 and 228:
Data Gaps: • Incomplete records o
Page 229 and 230:
Water diversions also directly affe
Page 231 and 232:
with storm events. Turbidity was ge
Page 233 and 234:
mines, slope instability not relate
Page 235 and 236:
• Provide incentives for property
Page 237 and 238:
long-term impact of confining the c
Page 239 and 240:
• Quantify the 1997 flood effects
Page 241 and 242:
hydric soils: Saturated soils that
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