year-2-study-guide-2.. - School of Medicine - Trinity College Dublin

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Blood Coagulation: Dr. Roger Preston (6 lectures) Lecture 1 - Overview of haemostasis Lecture 2 - Primary haemostasis Lecture 3 - The coagulation cascade Lecture 4 - Regulation of coagulation Lecture 5 – Fibrinolysis Lecture 6 - Coagulation and inflammation Learning Objectives 1) Describe normal haemostatic mechanisms including the interaction of vessel wall, platelets and clotting factors. 2) Describe the initiation and regulation of coagulation cascade. 3) Discuss the clinical relevance of normal haemostasis 3) Understand the molecular basis of fibrin clot formation and subsequent dissolution. 4) Describe the central role played by endothelial cells in regulation of haemostasis in vivo. Clinical Endocrinology Dr. Gerard Boran (8 lectures) Learning Objectives 1. To understand the basic principles underlying the laboratory biochemical investigation of common problems in clinical endocrinology. 2. To know about the uses and limitations of common laboratory endocrine investigations 3. To be able to interpret simple case vignettes covering common endocrine problems. 1. Introduction to endocrinology. Review of structure, function and receptors for hormones of clinical interest. General principles of investigation of endocrine function. Hormone assays and the clinical biochemistry laboratory. Major hormone axes. Sources of biological variation. 2. Hypothalamic and pituitary function. Hypothalamic and pituitary function. Anterior pituitary hormones. Hyperprolactinaemia. Acromegaly. Growth hormone deficiency. Posterior Pituitary hormones. Diabetes insipidus. 3. Thyroid. Thyroid function tests. Biochemical investigation of thyrometabolic disorders including ultrasound and radionuclide scans. Hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism. Graves’ disease. Goitre. Subclinical disorders. Sick euthyroid syndrome. Overview of some rare causes of thyroid dysfunction. 4. Adrenal. Adrenal function. Measurement of cortisol, ACTH and adrenal androgens. Steroid binding proteins. Investigation of adrenal disorders including dynamic function tests. Addison’s disease. Cushing’s syndrome. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. 5. Endocrine hypertension. Investigation of suspected primary hyperaldosteronism. Conn’s syndrome. Investigation of catecholamine secreting tumours. Phaeochromocytoma. Multiple endocrine neoplasia. 6. Gonadal dysfunction in the male. Testicular function. Investigation of testicular function. Male hypogonadism. Erectile dysfunction. Causes of infertility. Investigation of the infertile couple. Male and female pseudohermaphroditism. 14
Associated adrenal enzyme defects. Androgen receptor defects. 5α-reductase deficiency. 7. Gonadal dysfunction in the female. Ovarian function. Sex hormone binding globulin. Normal and abnormal androgen production in females. The menstrual cycle and disturbances. The menopause. Ovarian failure. Amenorrhoea. Hirsutism. Virilism. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Diagnostic use of β-HCG measurements. T 8. Special topic in endocrinology. B-type natriuretic peptides (BNP) and the diagnosis of heart failure. 9. Effective interpretation of endocrine laboratory data. Interactive session. Optimal strategies for interpretation of clinical laboratory endocrine data. Endocrine case vignettes. Decision making based on preliminary endocrine results. 10. Endocrine cases. Interactive session. Acromegaly. Growth hormone deficiency. Graves’ disease. Primary hypothyroidism. Goitre. Cushing’s syndrome. Addison’s disease. Conn’s syndrome. Phaeochromocytoma. Amenorrhoea. Hirsutism. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Ectopic and other abnormal pregnancy. Male hypogonadism. Androgen receptor disorders. Adrenal enzyme defects. Clinical Biochemistry Dr. Tom Smith (7 lectures) 1. Fluid & Electrolytes: Fluid Balance: Water distribution and homeostatis, compartmental composition and concepts of balance. Effects of solutes. Osmolality. Volume receptors and the role of ADH. 2. Fluid & Electrolytes: Sodium Balance: Role of renin, aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide. Clinical and laboratory assessment of sodium depletion or excess. Causes of Hypernatraemia and Hyponatraemia. Treatment guidelines, clinical cases. 3. Fluid & Electrolytes: Potassium Balance: Disorders of potassium metabolism. Effects of acid base and endocrine status. Hyper- and Hypokalaemia, causes and treatment. Clinical cases. 4. Renal Function. Glomerular and Tubular function. Role of biochemical markers. Pre-renal, renal and post-renal damage. Diabetes insipidus and investigation of polyuria. Clinical cases. 5. Acid Base Status. Basic concepts. Metabolic disorders. Respiratory disorders. Compensatory mechanisms. Clinical and laboratory assessment of acid base status. Case interpretation. 6. Clinical Enzymology. Enzymes in plasma as markers of cellular damage. Sensitivity and specificity. Isoenzymes. Cardiac disease. Liver disease. Clinical applications and cases. 7. Hyperlipidaemia. Lipoprotein metabolism and disorders. Management of hyperlipidaemia. Treatment options. Clinical cases. 15
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year-2-study-guide-2.. - School of Medicine - Trinity College Dublin

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