Qhafor Ameen Hamasur

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Chapter Two Chapter Two Geology of the study area Geology of the study area 2-1- Preface Tectonically, the area is located near the SW boundary of the High Folded Zone, Fig (2-1), which is characterized by high mountains and intense folding resulted from Alpine orogeny . Field survey revealed that the area lies between two mountain series representing an anticlinal structural feature; these are Bakhshi – kalawe mountain series running along northeast and Hanjira - Darband Basara - Sagrma mountain series running along southwest. The later mountain series represent the boundary between the low and high folded zone in the area. This boundary runs along the southwest limbs of the first high anticlines (Buday and Jassim,1987; Jassim and Goff,2006). The area between the mentioned mountain series in general represents broad synclinal depression(valley). From the seismological point of view, lraq is located in a relatively active seismic zone at the northeastern boundaries of the Arabian plate. The north and northeastern zones of Iraq depict the highest seismic activity (Alsinawi and Al- Qasrani, 2003). Earthquake data for the period 1900 -1988 was utilized for the seismicity studies. Most earthquakes clustered on the edges of Zagros – Taurus subduction zones between the Arabian subcontinent plate and the Iranian and Anatolian plates; in addition to few intraplate types on the tectonically stable zone to the west. It was found that 95.5% of the events have magnitudes range of 4.0 – 5.4 mb (Alsinawi and Al-Qasrani, 2003). For the area of Sulaimani and according to the methods used by some authors for determining the surface of 51 events, it was found that local magnitude is at the range of 2.3 – 4.4 (Basil et al., 1989) 10
Chapter Two Geology of the study area The seismic zoning map of Iraq which is based on MM scale (Alsinawi and Al- Qasrani, 2003) showing that the study area is located at the interface of minor and moderate damage zones. Fig (2-1) Tectonic map of Iraq (Jassim and Goff, 2006) showing location of the study area 11
Page 1 and 2: ROCK MASS ENGINEERING OF THE PROPOS
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Page 8 and 9: Abstract A rock mass engineering of
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Chapter Four Theoretical background
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Chapter Five Rock mass evaluation c
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Chapter Six Conclusions and Recomme
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References Bieniawski, Z.T.,1974. G
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References Hoek, E. and Brown, E. T
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References Marinos, P. and Hoek, E.
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References Division of rock mechani
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Appendix - A: Volumetric joint coun
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Table (A - 4) Volumetric joint coun
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Table (A - 8) Volumetric joint coun
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Table (A - 12) Volumetric joint cou
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المستخلص تم إجراء ھ
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ھندسة الكتل الصخري
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