Qhafor Ameen Hamasur

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Chapter Two Geology of the study area Fig (2-3) Basal conglomerate represents unconformity between Pila Spi and Fatha Formation, at a distance 800m to N10E of Darband Sutaw village 2-2-5 Fat'ha (previously Lower Fars) Formation Its age is Middle Miocene (Bellen et al., 1959). Lithologically, it consists of alternating sedimentary cycles of yellowish gray fossiliferous limestone, green marlstone, claystone, siltstone and sandstone without gypsum at Darband Sutaw village and surrounding areas. While, it also contains gypsum, exactly at Sola village and towards southeast. The upper contact is gradational and conformable with Injana Formation. 2-2-6 Injana (Previously Upper Fars) Formation Its age is Upper Miocene (Bellen et al., 1959). Lithologically, it consists of reddish brown- gray colored claystone, silty marlstone, siltstone and brownish grey sandstone. The upper contact is conformable with Mukdadiya Formation, it is marked in the field by the first conglomerate bed, having yellowish colour,Fig(2- 4).This conglomeratic bed is regarded as the best marker of the limit between Injana and Muqdadiya Formations(Buday,1980). 14
Chapter Two Geology of the study area Fig (2-4) Conglomerate represents the contact between Injana and Mukdadiya Formations 2-2-7 Mukdadiya (previously Lower Bakhtiari) Formation Its age is Pliocene (Bellen et al., 1959). Lithologically, it consists of red clay, sandstone and pebbly sandstone, the size of grains increasing upwards until reaching the massive conglomerate beds of Bai Hassan Formation which is the boundary between them, and it is mostly conformable. 2-2-8- Bai Hassan (previously Upper Bakhtiari) Formation It is of Pliocene age (Bellen etal.,1959).It mainly consists of coarse and thick fluviatile conglomerate, sandstone and claystone. 2-2-9- Alluvial deposits They include deposits of flood plains, alluvial fans and river terraces. Flood plain deposits consist of a mixture of coarse grains soil(gravel and sand) plus fine grains soil(clay and silt) on the banks of the two permanent 15
Page 1 and 2: ROCK MASS ENGINEERING OF THE PROPOS
Page 6 and 7: Dedicated to : *The memory of my fa
Page 8 and 9: Abstract A rock mass engineering of
Page 10 and 11: List of Contents Subject Page Chapt
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Page 14 and 15: Table (4-3) Guidelines for excavati
Page 16 and 17: Table (5-29) Analysis of rock stren
Page 18 and 19: Chapter One Introduction equal to 5
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Page 22 and 23: Chapter One Introduction as changes
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Chapter Four Theoretical background
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Chapter Five Rock mass evaluation T
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Chapter Five Rock mass evaluation G
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Chapter Five Rock mass evaluation c
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Chapter Five Rock mass evaluation c
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Chapter Six Conclusions and Recomme
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References Bieniawski, Z.T.,1974. G
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References Hoek, E. and Brown, E. T
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References Marinos, P. and Hoek, E.
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References Division of rock mechani
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Appendix - A: Volumetric joint coun
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Table (A - 4) Volumetric joint coun
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Table (A - 8) Volumetric joint coun
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Table (A - 12) Volumetric joint cou
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المستخلص تم إجراء ھ
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ھندسة الكتل الصخري
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Qhafor Ameen Hamasur

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