Qhafor Ameen Hamasur

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Chapter Two Geology of the study area Fig (2-18) Biomicritic limestone of carbonate unit of Kolosh Formation 2-4 Geological map of the study area The geological map (look at the enclosure) shows the existing Formations, structural features (anticlines, synclines, faults) and the strike and dip symbols. From the geological map it appears that the area was subjected to intense folding which resulted in the formation of complex structural features. In general, the anticlines are asymmetric, some has the northeast vergency (Darband Basara anticline) which is due to the existing of ductile rocks at the core of anticlines (Ibrahim, 2009). This is opposite to that of most anticlines of the high folded zone which are characterized by southwest vergency (Buday and Jassim,1987; Jassim and Goff,2006).In some places, the northeast limb of major anticline(Darband Basara anticline) was dragged forming secondary folds and are overturned. The major anticlines (e.g.Darband Basara) have broad crests (box-like shape) and all folds are trending NW-SE. The northwest part of the area was intensively folded which is leading to the creating of a number of smaller anticlines and synclines between the major anticlines, while this phenomenon was not observed in the southeast area which is characterized by a broad syncline(New Sola – Qazanqaya Syncline) as in the Enclosure. Kolosh Formation crops out at the core of the major anticlines (Darband Basara anticline in the SW part and Bazian anticline in the NE part of the area) and Gercus Formation at some cores of the smaller one. 22
Chapter Two Geology of the study area There are some mapable faults in the area, some of them cutting the folds transversally, two of them (F1) & (F2) are oblique slip faults having a displacement with a strike and dip components of the fault, and the other (F3) is a strike slip fault having a displacement parallel to the strike of the fault. Other large fault is Delaizha reverse fault (F4), which cuts the northeast limb of Darband Basara anticline, passing near Delaizha village and parallel to the general trend of the fold, as shown in the Enclosure. This reverse fault is formed (created) after the deposition of Mukdadiya and Bai Hassan Formations, in which the southwest hanging wall block (Pila Spi Formation) moved over Fatha, Injana and Muqdadiya Formation and preserved them from erosion at relatively high altitude. The mentioned reverse fault subsequently created unstable situation in the hanging wall and eventually sliding and rolling of the Pila Spi Formation over Mukdadiya, Injana and Fatha Formation and resting over them. Some small faults are present in the area; one of them is located at the proposed dam site which is of reverse fault type, having 2.5m displacement, Fig (2-19).The other reverse fault is located somewhat near the dam site, in the limestone of Pila Spi Formation on the right side of Darband Basara inlet, Fig (2- 20). Fig (2-19) Reverse fault cutting the limestone beds of Sinjar Formation at the right side of proposed dam site 23
Page 1 and 2: ROCK MASS ENGINEERING OF THE PROPOS
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Chapter Four Theoretical background
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Chapter Five Rock mass evaluation c
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Chapter Six Conclusions and Recomme
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References Bieniawski, Z.T.,1974. G
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References Hoek, E. and Brown, E. T
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References Marinos, P. and Hoek, E.
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References Division of rock mechani
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Appendix - A: Volumetric joint coun
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Table (A - 4) Volumetric joint coun
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Table (A - 8) Volumetric joint coun
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Table (A - 12) Volumetric joint cou
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المستخلص تم إجراء ھ
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ھندسة الكتل الصخري
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Qhafor Ameen Hamasur

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