Qhafor Ameen Hamasur

Chapter Two
Geology of the study area
Fig (2-21) Synclinal ridge in the limestone of Pila Spi Formation
(the trees are 2- 3.5m high)
Homoclinal ridges are wide spreading in the area where there are alternations
of resistant and weak rocks, especially in the Fat'ha, Injana and Mukdadiya
Formations, that are extending as strike ridges for long distance. They have the
form of asymmetric Cuesta, Fig (2-22) where the resistant bed dips gently, then a
steep escarpment and gentle dip slope have resulted (Bloom,2002). Other ridges
which are approximately steep symmetric (dip slope and escarpment have
approximately equal angle) have the form of Hog back, Fig (2-23) such as those
ridges extending from Sola village towards Kuna Kuter village in the southeast.
Beside the mentioned structural and erosional landforms, there are also
depositional landforms in the study area, such as flood plains on the banks of
Tainal and Tilie streams, alluvial fans in the toe of mountain vallies and river
terraces as previously mentioned.
Some features which can hardly be classed as landforms are geologic
features, adding varities to topographic surface are presented in the area. They
are Stone Lattice(Elephant Skin),Fig(2-24) and Stratification Ribbons, Fig(2-25).
Stone Lattice is resulted from differential weathering along joint planes, while
Stratification Ribbons are due to differential weathering along bedding planes
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