D2 3 Computing e-Infrastructure cost calculations and business _models_vam1-final
D2 3 Computing e-Infrastructure cost calculations and business _models_vam1-final
D2 3 Computing e-Infrastructure cost calculations and business _models_vam1-final
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
e-‐FISCAL: www.efiscal.eu <br />
EC Contract Number: 283449 <br />
Subscription-‐based <strong>models</strong> (Figure 14) require a contract from users <strong>and</strong> a commitment to buy the service for a <br />
defined time period that may vary from months to years. This is more welcomed from suppliers who can better <br />
develop capacity planning. <br />
Figure 15: Market-based Model<br />
Market-‐based <strong>models</strong> (Figure 15) are in their early phase in the cloud market. Among the leading providers, only <br />
Amazon offers this pricing model enabling users to resell capacity bought via a subscription-‐based model with an <br />
auction style approach. <br />
Figure 16: Strategy-based Model<br />
Strategy-‐based <strong>models</strong> (Figure 16) are usually adopted to gain market share <strong>and</strong> reach customers that are, e.g. <br />
very sensitive to price or very insensitive. Leading providers can use penetration price to enlarge their user base in <br />
the science area (e.g., Google Apps offered for free to education). <br />
From the analysis, we can observe that IaaS has complex pricing model if compared to SaaS, with PaaS is still <br />
developing. Also, computing services in the IaaS layer have more complex pricing model than storage/network <br />
with richer configuration options. With the evolution of the market, pricing <strong>models</strong> for compute services are <br />
expected to become simpler <strong>and</strong> with differentiation happening at the level of support, SLA or performance. <br />
4.6 Research question 5: Green IT initiatives in HPC <strong>and</strong> HTC centres<br />
The research question 5 was not one the main focus of our study as other studies are solely dedicated to such <br />
purposes. As an example GÉANT Green Team64, ECONET65 <strong>and</strong> others on Green IT were presented in the e-‐<br />
FISCAL workshops as case studies. However, we made an effort to map the main activities in which the HPC <strong>and</strong> <br />
HTC centres are involved regarding Green IT initiatives. We also gathered information about PUE numbers that <br />
has become one of the most significant metrics in relation to Green IT (Cordis, 2011). <br />
64 http://www.geant.net/Network/Environmental_Impact/Pages/home.aspx <br />
65 http://www.econet-‐project.eu/ <br />
e-‐FISCAL : Financial Study for Sustainable <strong>Computing</strong> e-‐<strong>Infrastructure</strong>s <br />
Deliverable <strong>D2</strong>.3 – <strong>Computing</strong> e-‐<strong>Infrastructure</strong>s <strong>cost</strong> estimation <strong>and</strong> analysis – Pricing <strong>and</strong> <br />
Business <strong>models</strong> <br />
67
Change language