JOURNAL OF EURASIAN STUDIES

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January-March 2011 JOURNAL OF EURASIAN STUDIES Volume III., Issue 1. _____________________________________________________________________________________ developed countries to Western Europe. The authors investigate empirically the structure of population and demographic trends for Europe and the least developed countries and outline two important facts. First, there is a stagnating and ageing population in the European Union (EU), while in the least developed countries there is noticeable population growth. Second, there is no statistical relationship between migration and the level of unemployment in the receiving EU member states. Incorporating these assumptions into a formal model of migration, they provide a scenario in which migration flows to Europe from the least developed countries will be concentrated among low-skilled workers. The present study attempts to empirically investigate the determinants of migration flows in the CIS, taking into account uncertainty issues and policies implemented by the major, migrant receiving countries, apart from traditional factors described in the above-mentioned studies. Specifically, the main factors and origins of migration, as well as the groups of migrants under the past migration flows are analyzed. Objectives The study is based on the following objectives: 1. To investigate the consequences of globalization on economic, political, demographic, educational and social aspects, etc. of Uzbek society. 2. To study the impact of globalization on labour migration in Uzbekistan with special focus on sociological indicators. 3. To research the socio-economic dimensions of labour migration on individuals and groups in Uzbek society. Methodology The study is principally pragmatic one and is pedestal on a comprehensive sociological examination. The study is footed on both primary and secondary sources of information giving representation to all major sociological variables. Though the study is of qualitative nature, multi-stage sampling technique was used for the present study. Sources of internet and published work of ILO, World Bank, Asian Development Bank (ADB), UNDP, WHO, WTO, International Labour Rights Forum, Human Rights Watch, International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU), Environmental Justice Foundation UK, Human Rights Defenders in Uzbekistan and other UN agencies reports and studies are used as primary source of information. Personal interactions in the field with germane people in Uzbekistan were made to corroborate the information bequeathed by the above mentioned sources and also to catch the first hand knowledge regarding the ground veracity. Primary source information was also collected in the present research work through formal and informal discussions, and collateral contacts. Discussions were also held with scholars in Uzbekistan with understanding and knowledge of the globalization and labour migration especially its socio-economic dimensions in Uzbekistan. Besides, relevant data was also collected from published documents, policy notes, reports, dissertations, etc. The secondary source of data was collected from books, periodicals, journals, articles and newspapers. The study is primarily an _____________________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright Mikes International 2001-2011 104
January-March 2011 JOURNAL OF EURASIAN STUDIES Volume III., Issue 1. _____________________________________________________________________________________ extensive sociological investigation. Plan of data collection was devised to have more unswerving information and rejoinder to assorted questions. The data and information unruffled from various sources, was statistically treated and sociologically analyzed with logic and in the radiance of the facts of other studies. Uzbekistan and Globalization Globalization and Labour Migration in Uzbekistan Attitudes toward globalization in Uzbekistan take different forms depending on various sociological factors that also affect Uzbeks’ use of new technologies. Such factors include age, migration, social background, education, and the surrounding environment. For example, older people and those in rural areas do not use new technologies, or use them less and have less affection for globalization than younger generation Uzbeks who have studied overseas and travel frequently. The latter group cannot imagine living without new technologies and most of them believe globalization is a requirement of the times and an engine for development. The more people migrate, use new technologies, and have access to better education, the less they believe that Karimov is irreplaceable and that Islamists are the only alternative to Karimov. According to state-sponsored propaganda, after all, Karimov’s departure from leadership may lead to a civil war or the Islamization of the society. Globalization and the Generations in Uzbekistan In Uzbekistan, generations are not only classified into pre-Soviet and post-Soviet generations or older and younger generations. Generations are complex, with every decade producing a separate generation characterized by its own peculiarities and preferences. The generation of people aged 50 and older is characterized by a deeply rooted Soviet upbringing. People of this generation generally have unsuccessfully adjusted to new realities and new ideologies. In contrast, people of the generation currently in the 40-50 year old age bracket are the most entrepreneurial. Members of this particular age cohort were between 25-35 years old when the Soviet Union collapsed, and were able to use new opportunities to their advantage. The generation of Uzbeks aged 25 to 40 is the most flexible and, although people in this group remember the final years of the Soviet period, they have not stuck to its ideology and, hence, are open to new realities and try to adjust to the times. This is also the most educated and moderate group, both religiously and politically. Another generation comprises those aged 18 to 25 years old. This generation is more influenced by the current Karimov-crafted ideology and has less loyalty to the Soviet past. It is the Latin generation as the people of this generation are more familiar with the Latin script than the Cyrillic alphabet. They have also prioritized the study of the English language over Russian and therefore speak little Russian. At the same time, this generation shares religious devotion with the oldest generation: those of the younger generation grew up with, or were often raised by, the latter and went with them to mosques. They are also still in a formative stage. Less Russian influence and exposure, more religious feelings, and more loyalty to the _____________________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright Mikes International 2001-2011 105
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JOURNAL OF EURASIAN STUDIES

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