Effects of integral stimulation therapy on speech - Portland State ...

Table 4. Summary <strong>of</strong> CP’s consonant cluster speech sound errors
Consonant
Cluster
/bl/ /br/ /dr/ /fl/ /gl/ /gr/ /kl/ /kr/ /kw/ /pl/ /sl/ /sp/ /st/ /sw/ /tr/ /ts/
Error [b] [b] [d] [β] [β,z] [d] * * [d] [b] [s,β] [s,β] [b, ɸ] [s, ɸ] [s,β] [t]
Note: the symbol * indicates omission <strong>of</strong> phoneme
Speech Sound Inventory
Further analysis <strong>of</strong> CP’s speech sound inventory and language abilities was
obtained with a 100 word spontaneous speech sample. Analysis <strong>of</strong> the sample utterances
supported findings <strong>of</strong> the GFTA-2 by identifying a wide range <strong>of</strong> speech sound errors
within a limited phonemic repertoire. CP’s independent phonetic inventory was greater
than his relational phonemic inventory. Many errors were made inconsistently and
increased in frequency as the number <strong>of</strong> sounds in a word or phrase length increased. The
percent <strong>of</strong> consonants CP produced correctly (PCC) was 52%, suggesting a moderate to
severely impaired level <strong>of</strong> speech intelligibility (Shriberg, 1994). The most prominent
consonant error patterns that occurred in CP’s speech sample included substitutions
(27%), final consonant deletions (37%), cluster reductions (76%) and occasional
instances <strong>of</strong> metathesis. Speech sound distortions and prolongations were also noted as
part <strong>of</strong> CP’s speech analysis. Words that required motor sequencing <strong>of</strong> sounds produced
in differing places in the oral cavity proved most challenging for CP.
Vowel errors in CP’s speech occurred with a frequency <strong>of</strong> 59%. Vowel sounds
[ǫ, Ȝ, and ƽ] were erroneously produced in 82% <strong>of</strong> vowel substitutions (Table 5). CP did
not produce (nor was he stimulable for) /i/, /u/, /Ț/ or any rhotic vowels. CP substituted
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