Islam Its Belief and Practices - Radical Truth

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66 ISLAM ITS BELIEFS AND PRACTICES mules, donkeys, etc., are not subject to this tax. (ii) They are not kept as articles of merchandize. (iii) They must be, Sil'ima, i.e., kept out at pasture, and not Ma'/uta, e.g., fed upon forage at home. (iv) They have been in possession of an owner for one whole year. (v) They must have been the full property and under the full control of the owner. (vi) The zakilt is due upon the ni~ilb only, and not upon the 'afu. The Nisiib is the fixed number or quantity of the property upon which zakilt is due, while 'afu is used to express intermediate or odd number between one Ni~iib and another, as betweenfive and ten camels, for instance. (vii) In cases of horses they must have been fed on pastures for greater part of the year. The droves of horses must not consist entirely of males or entirely of mares. (viii) The horses and mules must not be beasts of burden or war horses. (b) The Various Kinds of Animals and Their Zakiit. (i) Camels:- The Nislb of camels is five, that is no zakilt is du~ on less than five camels. For any number of camels from five to nine, zakilt due is one sheep of the second year or a goat of third year. THE PRESCRIBED DUTIES 67 For 10 to 14 camels, the zakilt due IS two sheep. For 15 to 19 camels, the zakilt due is three sheep. For 20 to 24 camels, the zakilt due is four sheep. For 25 to 35 camels, the zakilt due is a yearling female camels, and so on. (ii) Oxen, Cows and Buffaloes (baqar):_ The Ni~iib for these is thirty. For any number of these animals from thirty to thirty nine the zakilt due is a one year old calf (tabfa), and for 40 the zakiit due is a calf of two year old (musima). When the number exceeds 40 zakilt is to be calculated on the followin,l! basis: Upon every 60 the zakilt is 2 tabi'a; upon every 70 such animals the zakilt is one tabi'a and one musima and so on. Thus the method of calculating zakilt upon large herds of cattle is by grouping thE'm into thirtys and fortys, imposing upon every 30 one tabi'a and upon every 40 one musima. (iii) Sheep and Goats (&!!:anam):- The Ni~iib for these is forty. From 40 to 120 the zakilt due is a 2 year old sheep; from 121 to 200 the zakilt is two goats or sheep, above this one for every hundred. (iv) Horses:- ZakiH on horses may be given either one diniir per head or five per cent upon the total value of aU the horses..
68 ISLAM ITS BELIEFS AND PRACTICES THE PRESCRIBED DUTIES 69 (2) Zakat on Fruits of the Field:- The zakiit upon everything produced from the land is a tenth Cushr). provided the ground is watered by the overflow of rivers or by periodical rains. When the land is watered by bucket. machinery or camels its product is subject to twenteith. Honey and fruits collected in the wilderness are subject to tithe; but the articles of wood. such as bamboo. and grass are not subject to tithe. (3) Silver:- Zakat on silver is one-forteith of its value. provided it is not of less value than 200 dirhams. or by Indian weight it is no less than 52 tolas. and that it has been in possession of the owner for the period of one whole year. No zakiit is due upon an excess above the 200 dirhams till such excess amounts to 40. and, then the zakiit will be calculated at the basis of one-forteit'h. Zakat is due also on silver ornaments and utensils such as cups. goblets. plates. etc. (4) Gold:- The zakiit on gold is one-forteith provided it amounts to 20 mithqiil. or according to the Indian weight 7 tolas 6 miishas. No zakiit is due upon gold under value of 20 mithqiils. When the quantity exceeds 20 milh.qiils then for every milh.qiil the zakiit is 2 qirats. Zakat is also due on gold ornaments and on other objects such as utensils. (5) Articles of Merchandise:- If the value of the articles of merchandise exceeds 200 dirhams then the zakiit due is at the rate of two and a half per cent of the total value. (6) Minerals and Buried Treasures:- If a person finds mines of gold. silver. iron. lead. copper or buried treasure. the zakiit due is one fifth (liliums); but if they are discovered within the precincts of a person's own home. nothing is due. No zakiit is due upon precious stones. How Zakat Should Be Given For the validity of Zakat the following points are to be considered:- (1) Intention: The payment of zakiit is not valid. except under an intention existing at the period of such payment. or at the period of setting apart the proportion of zakiit from the Ni~ab-property. (2) Zakat of one city is not transferable to another. It is indispensable that the zakiit of every city be bestowed upon the claimants of that city; and also. because in this a regard is had to the rights of neighbourhood (juwar). (3) One kind must not be changed for another. (4) The speed,. delivery of the zakiit when due. that is after the year. (5) Zakat is to be distributed among the classes of people who are entitled to it. The Classes Of People Among Whom Zakat Must Be Distributed. The Zakat is to be distributed among the following classes of people who are entitled to it (Sura 9: 60). (1) Faqir. the poor. is a person possessed of property. the whole of which does not amount to a Ni~ab.
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Islam Its Belief and Practices - Radical Truth

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