Frost Protection - UTL Repository

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] F R O S T P R O T E C T I O N : F U N D A M E N T A L S , P R A C T I C E A N D E C O N O M I C S [ Jensen, R.E., Savage, E.F. & Hayden, R.A. 1970. The effects of certain environmental factors on cambium temperatures of peach trees. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 95: 286–292. Jones, E.H. 1924. Irrigation, a frost protection in the citrus grove. Californian Citrographer, 9: 249. Jorgensen, G., Escalera, B.M., Wineman, D.R., Striegler, R.K., Zoldoske, D. & Krauter, C. 1996. Microsprinkler frost protection in vineyards. California State University at Fresno, CATI Publication #960803. Kalma, J.D., Laughlin, G.P., Caprio, J.M. & Hamer, P.J.C. 1992. Advances in Bioclimatology, 2. The Bioclimatology of Frost. Berlin: Springer-Verlag .144p. Katz, R.W., Murphy, A.H. & Winkler, R.L. 1982. Assessing the value of frost forecasting to orchardists: a dynamic decision-making approach. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 21: 518–531. Kepner, R.A. 1951. Effectiveness of orchard heaters. California Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin, No.723. 30p. Koc, A.B., Heinemann, P.H., Crassweller, R.M. & Morrow, C.T. 2000. Automated cycled sprinkler irrigation system for frost protection of apple buds. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 16(3): 231–240. Krasovitski, B., Kimmel, E. & Amir, I. 1996. Forecasting earth surface temperature for the optimal application of frost protection methods. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 63: 93–102. Krasovitski, B., Kimmel, E., Rosenfield, M. & Amir, I. 1999. Aqueous foams for frost protection of plants: stability and protective properties. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 72(2): 177–185. Krewer, G. 1988. Commodity information – Small Fruit pp. 2–13, in: J.D. Gibson (ed). Cold Weather and Horticultural Crops in Georgia; Effects and Protective Measures. Extension Horticulture Department, University of Georgia, Publication No. 286. Larcher, W. 1982. Typology of freezing phenomena among vascular plants and evolutionary trends in frost acclimation. pp. 3–15, in: P.H. Li and & A. Sakai (eds). Plant Cold Hardiness and Freezing Stress, Vol. I. Academic Press. Laughlin, G.P. & Kalma, J.D. 1987. Frost hazard assessment from local weather and terrain data. Agricultural and Forestal Meteorology, 40: 1–16. Laughlin, G.P. & Kalma, J.D. 1990. Frost risk mapping for landscape planning: a methodology. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 42: 41–51. 206
Lawrence, E.N. 1952. Frost investigation. Meteorological Magazine, 81: 65–74. Lecomte, C. 1989. Seuils de sensibilité au gel hivernal en grandes cultures [in French]. pp. 83–99, in: C. Riou (ed). Le gel en Agriculture. Paris: Commission d’Agrométéorologie de l’ INRA. Leddet, C. & Dereuddre, J. 1989. La résistance au gel des bourgeons [in French]. pp. 113–128, in: C. Riou (ed). Le gel en Agriculture. Paris: Paris: Commission d’Agrométéorologie de l’ INRA. Leonard, A.S. 1951. The return-stack orchard heater. Agricultural Engineering, 32: 655–656. Levitt, J. 1980. Responses of Plants to Environmental Stresses, Vol. 1 (2nd ed). New York NY: Academic Press. 497p. Leyden, R. & Rohrbaugh, P.W. 1963. Protection of citrus trees from freeze damage. Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 83: 344–351. Li, P.H. & Palta, J.P. 1978. Frost hardening and freezing stress in tuber-bearing solanum species. pp. 49–71, in: P.H. Li and A. Sakai (eds). Plant Cold Hardiness and Freezing Stress. Vol. I, New York, NY: Academic Press. Li, P.H. 1989. Low Temperature Stress Physiology in Crops. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. 203p. Lindow, S.E. 1983. Methods of preventing frost injury caused by epiphytic ice nucleation-active bacteria. Plant Disease, 67: 327–333. Lindow, S.E. & Connell, J.H. 1984. Reduction of frost injury to almond by control of ice nucleation active bacteria. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 109: 48–53. Lindow, S.E., Arny, D.C., Barchet, W.R. & Upper, C.D. 1978. Bacterial ice nucleation inhibitors and reduction of frost damage to plants (Abstract). Phytopathology News, 12: 138. Lomas, J. Gat, Z., Borsuk, Z. & Raz, A. 1989. Frost Atlas of Israel. Division of Agricultural Meteorology, Israel Meteorology Service, Bet Dagan. 10 map sheets. Martsolf, J.D. 1979a. Combination wind machines and heaters for frost protection. pp. 325–326, in: Barfield and Gerber, 1979, q.v. Martsolf, J.D. 1979b. Heating for frost protection. pp. 391–314, in: Barfield and Gerber, 1979, q.v. Martsolf, J.D. 1989. Heated irrigation cold protection. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 102: 64–69. 207
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- F A O E N A N D V I MO N I T O R
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FOREWORD Agrometeorology deals with
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We want to thank D
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LIST OF PRINCIPAL SYMBOLS Roman Alp
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T n °C Observed minimum temperatur
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW Whe
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INTRODUCTION Freeze and frost defin
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INTRODUCTION FIGURE 1.2 Mean air an
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INTRODUCTION FIGURE 1.4 Air (T a )
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INTRODUCTION TABLE 1.2 Categories a
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INTRODUCTION example, because bloom
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INTRODUCTION south in Florida in re
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INTRODUCTION assistance might be in
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CHAPTER 2 RECOMMENDED METHODS OF FR
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RECOMMENDED METHODS OF FROST PROTEC
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] F R O S T P R O T E C T I O N : F
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CHAPTER 4 FROST DAMAGE: PHYSIOLOGY
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FROST DAMAGE: PHYSIOLOGY AND CRITIC
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CHAPTER 5 FROST FORECASTING AND MON
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FROST FORECASTING AND MONITORING st
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CHAPTER 6 PASSIVE PROTECTION METHOD
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PASSIVE PROTECTION METHODS enhance
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PASSIVE PROTECTION METHODS use an
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PASSIVE PROTECTION METHODS FIGURE 6
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PASSIVE PROTECTION METHODS After st
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PASSIVE PROTECTION METHODS of miner
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PASSIVE PROTECTION METHODS FIGURE 6
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PASSIVE PROTECTION METHODS CANOPY T
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PASSIVE PROTECTION METHODS damage h
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PASSIVE PROTECTION METHODS of culm
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PASSIVE PROTECTION METHODS AVOIDING
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PASSIVE PROTECTION METHODS TABLE 6.
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PASSIVE PROTECTION METHODS Organic
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PASSIVE PROTECTION METHODS Fucik (1
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PASSIVE PROTECTION METHODS Many com
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Page 231: APPENDIX 2 CONSTANTS Specific heat
Page 239: - FAO ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOU
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