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] F R O S T P R O T E C T I O N : F U N D A M E N T A L S , P R A C T I C E A N D E C O N O M I C S [ TABLE 4.4 The highest freezing temperature for fresh fruits and vegetables COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME TEMPERATURE (°C) Acerola; Barbados cherry Apple Apricot Artichoke – globe Artichoke – Jerusalem Asian pear, Nashi Asparagus, green, white Avocado cv. Fuerte, Hass cv. Fuchs, Pollock cv. Lula, Booth Malpighia glabra Malus pumila Prunus armeniaca Cynara scolymus Helianthus tuberosus Pyrus serotina; P. pyrifolia Asparagus officinalis Persea americana -1.4 -1.5 -1.1 -1.2 -2.5 -1.6 -0.6 -1.6 -0.9 -0.9 Banana Barbados cherry Beans Snap; Wax; Green Lima beans Beet, bunched Beet, topped Berries Blackberries Blueberries Cranberry Dewberry Elderberry Loganberry Raspberries Strawberry Broccoli Brussels-sprouts Cabbage Chinese; Napa Common, early crop Late crop Cactus pear, prickly pear fruit Carambola, Starfruit Carrots, topped Cauliflower Celeriac Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum Malpighia glabra Phaseolus vulgaris Phaseolus lunatus Beta vulgaris Rubus spp. Vaccinium corymbosum Vaccinium macrocarpon Rubus spp. Sambucus spp. Rubus spp. Rubus idaeus Fragaria spp. Brassica oleracea var. italica Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera Brassica campestris var. pekinensis Brassica oleracea var. capitata ––“–– Opuntia spp. Averrhoa carambola Daucus carota Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Apium graveolens var. rapaceum -0.8 -1.4 -0.7 -0.6 -0.4 -0.9 -0.8 -1.3 -0.9 -1.3 -1.1 -1.7 -0.9 -0.8 -0.6 -0.8 -0.9 -0.9 -0.9 -1.8 -1.2 -1.4 -0.8 -0.9 76
FROST DAMAGE: PHYSIOLOGY AND CRITICAL TEMPERATURES COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME TEMPERATURE (°C) Celery Cherimoya; custard apple Cherry, sour Cherry, sweet Chicory Chilies Citrus Calamondin orange California & Arizona, (USA) dry areas Florida (USA), humid areas Lemon Lime, Mexican, Orange California & Arizona (USA), dry areas Florida (USA), humid areas Blood orange Seville; sour Pummelo Tangelo, Minneola Tangerine Chives Coconut Collards, kale Corn, sweet and baby (maize) Cucumber, slicing Currants Custard apple Dasheen Date Dill Eggplant Endive, Escarole Fennel Fig Garlic bulb Gooseberry Apium graveolens var. dulce Annona cherimola Prunus cerasus Prunus avium see Endive see Pepper Citrus reticulata x Fortunella spp. Citrus limon Citrus aurantifolia; Citrus sinensis Citrus aurantium Citrus grandis Citrus reticulata x paradisi Citrus reticulata Allium schoenoprasum Cocos nucifera Brassica oleracea var. acephala Zea mays Cucumis sativus Ribes spp. see Cherimoya see Taro Phoenix dactylifera Anethum graveolens Solanum melongena Cichorium endivia Foeniculum vulgare Ficus carica Allium sativum Ribes grossularia -0.5 -2.2 -1.7 -2.1 -2.0 -1.1 -1.1 -1.4 -1.6 -0.8 -0.8 -0.8 -0.8 -1.6 -0.9 -1.1 -0.9 -0.9 -0.5 -0.6 -0.5 -1.0 -15.7 -0.7 -0.8 -0.1 -1.1 -2.4 -2.0 -1.1 Grape Vitis vinifera fruit stem -2.7 -2.0 77
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- F A O E N A N D V I MO N I T O R
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FOREWORD Agrometeorology deals with
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We want to thank D
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LIST OF PRINCIPAL SYMBOLS Roman Alp
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T n °C Observed minimum temperatur
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW Whe
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INTRODUCTION Freeze and frost defin
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INTRODUCTION FIGURE 1.2 Mean air an
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INTRODUCTION FIGURE 1.4 Air (T a )
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INTRODUCTION TABLE 1.2 Categories a
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INTRODUCTION example, because bloom
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INTRODUCTION south in Florida in re
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INTRODUCTION assistance might be in
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CHAPTER 2 RECOMMENDED METHODS OF FR
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RECOMMENDED METHODS OF FROST PROTEC
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PASSIVE PROTECTION METHODS CANOPY T
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PASSIVE PROTECTION METHODS damage h
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PASSIVE PROTECTION METHODS of culm
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PASSIVE PROTECTION METHODS AVOIDING
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PASSIVE PROTECTION METHODS TABLE 6.
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PASSIVE PROTECTION METHODS Organic
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PASSIVE PROTECTION METHODS Fucik (1
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PASSIVE PROTECTION METHODS Many com
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] F R O S T P R O T E C T I O N : F
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] Once started, the sprinklers shou
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CHAPTER 8 APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES
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APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES frost prot
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APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES fashion. O
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APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES CROP COUNT
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APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES CROP COUNT
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APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES other crop
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APPENDIX 2 CONSTANTS Specific heat
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- FAO ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOU
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