Frost Protection - UTL Repository

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Under-plant sprinklers with heated water
Surface irrigation
Flood irrigation
Furrow irrigation
Foam insulation
Combination methods
Under-plant sprinklers and wind machines
Surface irrigation and wind machines
Combination of heaters and wind machines
Sprinklers and heaters
Forecasting and monitoring
Probability and risk
Economic evaluation of protection methods
Appropriate technologies
3 – MECHANISMS OF ENERGY TRANSFER
Mass and energy in the air
Energy balance
Sign convention
Humidity and Latent heat
Sensible heat
Conduction – Soil heat flux
Radiation
Latent heat flux
Additional resources on energy balance
4 – FROST DAMAGE: PHYSIOLOGY AND CRITICAL TEMPERATURES
Introduction
Cell injury
Avoidance, tolerance and hardening
Plant sensitivity
Types of damage and critical temperatures
Annual and biennial crops
Perennial crops
Fruit trees
Grapes and wine grapes
Other small fruits
Citrus fruits
5 – FROST FORECASTING AND MONITORING
Value of frost forecasts
Predicting minimum temperatures
Calibrating mesoscale to microscale forecasts
A simple minimum temperature forecast model
A simple temperature trend forecast model
Forecast worksheet
Wet-bulb worksheet
Input worksheet
Predicting air temperature trend
Predicting wet-bulb temperature trend
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