Meeting Europe's renewable energy targets in harmony with - RSPB

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RECOMMENDATIONS FOR NATIONAL AND EU POLICY MAKERS 115 Under the Renewable Energy Directive, Germany is committed to increasing its share of energy from renewables from 5.8% in 2005 to 18% in 2020, but intends to go beyond this, bringing the share to 19.6%. This equals an increase in annual renewable energy consumption of almost 24 Mtoe. Figure 19 shows that Germany plans to use a balanced mix of all the major renewables technologies to achieve this increase. The contribution of 3449 ktoe of energy from solar PV is particularly ambitious. Biomass for electricity is needed in part to balance generation from intermittent renewables such as wind and solar. With the 2011 decision to phase out nuclear power, Germany’s renewables ambitions are likely to be stepped up beyond those reported in the NREAP. NABU – BirdLife Germany makes the following key policy recommendations: 1 Define programmes to improve the efficiency of specific appliances and heating/cooling systems, targeted to maximise carbon savings. This should be funded through revenues from the European ETS, and should start with electrical appliances/systems like circulating pumps. 2 Vary the feed-in tariffs for onshore wind to encourage a better geographical spread of wind and solar power developments across Germany. Maintain the current policy of only allowing large solar arrays to be built in zones defined by municipalities with public participation, and only where EIA is carried out. 3 Examine the national and regional limits to sustainable use of biomass for energy, given other land use priorities and other end-uses. Encourage usage of a broader variety of biomass sources including organic residues, liquid manure and energy crops from sustainable cropping systems. 4 Push the European Commission to remove harmful subsidies in the forestry and agriculture sectors (eg, for woody biomass) and to move funds into subsidies that make these sectors more supportive of biodiversity. 5 Support more research into minimising noise impacts on marine mammals and fish during installation of offshore wind turbines, and develop standards for “best available technology”. 6 Move away from planning of individual power lines to a more integrated national planning approach based on SEA and that proves the need for specific infrastructures and evaluates use of innovative technologies. Raise the ratio regulating justifiable costs of undergrounding, to increase the proportion of new underground power lines. 7 Maintain the current situation whereby municipalities have decision rights on developing decentralised energy, and promote this as good practice across the EU. 8 Zones for renewable energy development defined by local authorities should always be co-ordinated by regional planning authorities, to avoid the designation of small, fragmented zones at the edges of local planning areas. 9 Set up and operate regional “pools” for data on the presence of sensitive species, using data collected by developers and NGOs, and make this available to all parties involved in the planning process. 10 Where sensitivity maps are available, require their use in defining renewable energy zones and in planning control. 5.3.6 GREECE Greece is committed to increasing its share of renewable energy from 6.9% (2005) to 18% in 2020. Over the period 2005 to 2020, annual renewable energy consumption will increase by 3.3 Mtoe. Onshore wind power will provide 39% of this additional energy (1278 ktoe). HOS (BirdLife Greece) has developed sensitivity maps for onshore wind, but these are not yet used in spatial planning. Marine ecological surveys are urgently needed ahead of development of the Greek offshore wind industry. HOS – BirdLife Greece makes the following policy recommendations: 1 Endorse the available bird sensitivity maps as an interim measure, and fund development of improved maps at the national scale, to inform spatial planning and investor decision making. 2 Revise and update the national spatial plan for renewables, using high-quality SEA, to reflect recent major increases in targets and the inadequacy of the earlier SEA.
116 MEETING EUROPE’S RENEWABLE ENERGY TARGETS IN HARMONY WITH NATURE FIGURE 20 Additional renewable energy consumption in Greece in 2020 compared to 2005, by iv, ix technology [ktoe] 3 Develop spatial plans for renewables at the regional level, using resource assessments, bird sensitivity maps and SEA. 4 Increase incentives for investment in small wind farms serving small communities and islands – the current emphasis is all on very large wind farms. 5 Develop new guidelines on ornithological assessment requirements for wind power development in SPAs. 6 Maintain the current policy allowing solar farms to be developed on agricultural land, and go further to discourage use of high nature value land. Reduce bureaucratic hurdles for solar developers, particularly for small-scale installations (without compromising on standards and EIA requirements). 7 Speed up identification of marine IBAs and designation of marine SPAs. The current strategy for offshore wind does not take into account ecological sensitivities and protected areas – it should be developed using SEA and strategic “appropriate assessment” to protect marine wildlife and to give more certainty to developers on appropriate development zones. 8 Bring together and integrate/optimise sectoral energy strategies in an open, accountable process informed by SEA and sensitivity mapping. 9 Re-work existing budgets for power line development to enable undergrounding where lines cross major bird migration paths, and to mitigate risks in the existing networks. 10 Prioritise re-powering rather than development of new hydro and micro-hydro schemes. Assess the need for the current very high number of small scale hydro plants. 5.3.7 IRELAND In its NREAP, Ireland is committed to increasing its share of renewables in total energy consumption from 3.1% (2005) to 16% in 2020. This requires an additional 1.9 Mtoe of renewable energy. As Figure 21 illustrates wind power will account for the largest technological share of this increased consumption. Ireland is developing an offshore wind industry, but the NREAP does not provide details. BirdWatch Ireland – BirdLife Ireland makes the following policy recommendations: 1 Increase incentives for and uptake of the domestic energy efficiency retrofit scheme and decentralised renewables. 2 Streamline licensing procedures for grid development needed for growth in renewable electricity capacity.
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MEETING EUROPE’S RENEWABLE ENERGY
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Meeting Europe’s Renewable Energy
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RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND E
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Under the Renewable Energy Directiv
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THE ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY OF EU
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Page 134 and 135: ENDNOTES 133 ENDNOTES i Chris Huhne
Page 136: Birdlife European and Central Asian
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Meeting Europe's renewable energy targets in harmony with - RSPB

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