Meeting Europe's renewable energy targets in harmony with - RSPB

58 MEETING EUROPE’S RENEWABLE ENERGY TARGETS IN HARMONY WITH NATURE
FIGURE 1
EU-27 additional renewable
energy consumption in 2020
compared to 2005, by
technology [ktoe] iv
The “medium risk” technologies (see Chapter
Two) – onshore and offshore wind, solar, biomass
for heat and electricity, and tidal/wave – plus a small
contribution from geothermal energy, together
provide for 69% of additional renewable energy
consumed in 2020 compared to 2005 (101 Mtoe of
the total 147 Mtoe increase). A further 12% of the
increase is expected to be provided by technologies
in our “low risk” category: solar thermal and heat
pumps, plus renewable electricity consumed in
electric vehicles. In our “high risk” category,
additional hydropower provides a little over 1%
(partly accounted for by small scale facilities and
“repowering” existing facilities, which may present
few risks) and the remaining 18% of the increase in
consumption is attributed to liquid biofuels. These
statistics are summarised in Table 2.
In order to give an impression of the implications
on the ground in terms of land-use changes and
investments, these increases in energy consumption
can be related to the output of typical renewable
energy installations with current technologies and
average load factors v . For example, to meet the target
for solar PV using domestic rooftops the EU would
require an additional 19.4 million 4-kW photovoltaic
home systems. The target for CSP would require 170
50-MW facilities. The wave and tidal targets would
require an additional 5,100 1-MW tidal/wave turbines.
TABLE 2
Meeting the EU renewables targets:
contributions from low, medium and high risk
technology groups
Total energy use in the EU
in 2020
Total renewable energy
use in the EU in 2020
Additional annual
renewable energy use
2005–20
Additional “low risk”
renewable energy use
2005–20 (%)
Additional “medium risk”
renewable energy use
2005–20 (%)
Additional “high risk”
renewable energy use
2005–20 (%)
1189 Mtoe
244 Mtoe (20% of total
energy use)
147 Mtoe
18 Mtoe (12%)
101 Mtoe (69%)
28 Mtoe (19%)