Meeting Europe's renewable energy targets in harmony with - RSPB

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RECOMMENDATIONS FOR NATIONAL AND EU POLICY MAKERS 117 FIGURE 21 Additional renewable energy consumption in Ireland in 2020 compared to 2005, by technology [ktoe] iv 3 Use SEA to examine the least damaging energy mixes and spatial configurations for an onshore renewables strategic plan. In particular, develop a strategic spatial plan for onshore wind power development. 4 Extend support (currently only for new-build) to large scale PV arrays and for use on existing buildings. 5 Expedite completion of spatial planning for offshore wind, using high quality SEA. Support biodiversity survey work and expedite completion of the SPA network (onshore and offshore) and SAC network (offshore). 6 Revise the “Grid 25 Plan” to take account of protected areas. Develop criteria for use of undergrounding in sensitive areas and integrate these into the Grid 25 plan. 7 Require regional and local spatial planning for renewables, and provide guidelines for doing so. 8 Provide support for development of sensitivity maps and commit to their use by a specified date eg, 2015. 9 Develop national guidance on application of appropriate assessment for various kinds of renewables infrastructure. 10 Improve consistency in planning control policies among competent authorities (local authorities and agencies). 5.3.8 ITALY Italy has taken a different approach to protected areas and wind power development to other EU countries. Rather than use sensitivity maps and spatial planning, it has adopted a decree that prohibits wind power development in Natura 2000 areas. This goes beyond the requirements of the Birds and Habitats Directives, which allow development under certain conditions designed to ensure conservation objectives are not undermined. This decree is seen as necessary partly because the wind industry has been somewhat chaotic, unplanned and even corrupt. Subsidies have been available for simply installing turbines, and some in Sicily were found not to be connected into the grid. In its NREAP, Italy is committed to increasing its share of renewables from 5.2% to 17% (2005–20). This requires an increase in renewable energy consumption of almost 15 Mtoe. Figure 22 provides the technological makeup of this increase. Over 50% is derived from biomass to be used for heat, electricity or liquid biofuels. Italy also plans to make very significant use of heat pumps and solar thermal technology for space heating. In common with Greece, Italy plans to develop some offshore
118 MEETING EUROPE’S RENEWABLE ENERGY TARGETS IN HARMONY WITH NATURE FIGURE 22 Additional renewable energy consumption in Italy in 2020 compared to 2005, by technology [ktoe] iv wind power in the Mediterranean. It will also make use of CSP, and already has a facility in operation in Sicily. LIPU – BirdLife Italy makes the following policy recommendations: 1 Improve incentives and mechanisms to increase domestic and industrial energy efficiency and improve public transport. Provide incentives to the construction industry to replace inefficient 1930–50s housing in suburban areas with energy efficient housing. 2 Introduce incentives to replace inefficient wood fires used for heating in southern Italy with efficient wood fuel stoves and/or other microrenewables (rooftop solar PV and solar thermal). 3 Harmonise wind power incentives (and push for this also at the EU-level) so developers are attracted to the best locations rather than by subsidy levels. 4 Maintain the existing decree excluding wind power from SPAs. Some older, badly sited wind farms should be relocated. Use sensitivity mapping plus full application of “appropriate assessment” to enable some renewables development in SACs, limited to small scale developments only. 5 Maintain a stable support regime for solar power that favours honest investors who need a reliable income stream. (Instability favours very rich investors who can move quickly and cope with losses of revenue eg, organised crime groups investing to launder money). Provide stronger incentives for PV development in urban areas (on buildings, in particular commercial buildings such as warehouses) than for development on farm land. 6 Assess the sustainable level of biomass use for energy in Italy and plan how to exploit it at the national level. Prioritise agricultural wastes and management of existing forests currently in poor condition for biodiversity (eg, in the Apennines). Do not import biomass from countries where the sustainability of sourcing is uncertain. (South America is currently a major source of imported wood fuel). 7 Develop a national energy infrastructure plan that takes into account biodiversity protection, including measures to minimise infrastructure needs (energy efficiency, smart grids, electricity storage). 8 Develop national, regional and local spatial planning for renewables. Use sensitivity mapping and SEA to plan renewables deployment outside Natura 2000 sites. 9 Make wider use of undergrounding power lines where this will be environmentally beneficial. Use the opportunity when upgrading power lines to develop a smarter grid system. 10 Promote repowering of existing hydro facilities rather than development of the last remaining natural rivers in the Alps. Identify at national level the most beneficial sites in terms of electricity system management and ecological impacts for converting some hydro facilities to pumped-storage.
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RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND E
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Page 134 and 135: ENDNOTES 133 ENDNOTES i Chris Huhne
Page 136: Birdlife European and Central Asian
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Meeting Europe's renewable energy targets in harmony with - RSPB

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