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eating proper amounts of these foods can slightly reduce the overall risk of cancer. Boffetta showed that there was a small inverse between eating many fruits and vegetables and reduced cancer risk, and several other studies supported this discovery. While vegetables and fruits may have some ability to prevent cancer, other unhealthy lifestyle choices, such as smoking, can nullify the benefits that a healthy diet provides (―Cancer protective effects‖, 2010). Unhealthy Diets Certain diets can improve health, while other diets cause negative effects. Some factors that cause disease are out of a person‘s control, such as genetics, but eating well can provide your body with the proper nutrients to prevent diseases. A diet low in nutrients is not able to protect the body against viruses that lead to chronic diseases such as the common cold or the influenza. An unhealthy diet is a large factor in obesity, disease, and decreased life expectancy (McLaughlin, 2011). Negative Effects of Red Meat A diet composed of red meat can have lasting negative effects. According to Nicholas Bakalar in the New York Times, there is a link between red meat and mortality. Research conducted on 121,342 men and women yielded interesting results; 5,910 people in the group died of cardiovascular disease and 9,464 people died from cancer. Accounting for the people who lived sedentary or dangerous lifestyle, the researchers still found that a daily increase of three ounces of red meat was connected to a 12 percent greater risk of dying, a 16 percent increased risk of cardiovascular death, and a 10 percent greater risk of cancer-related death. Scientists deduced that if the patients had lowered their red meat consumption by a half, mortality rates would have decreased 9.3 percent in men and 7.6 percent in women. These results strongly suggest that consuming red meat is not only unhealthy, but can be deadly (Bakalar, 2012). Another peril of having a diet with too much red meat is that it can increase chances of contracting gout, a severely painful type of arthritis that causes joint inflammation. Frank Bruni, who is a meat-lover and a frequent diner, once had a diet that included a surplus of red meat and alcohol. After being diagnosed with gout, he had to quit eating most red meat and organ meat to avoid the excruciating burning and stabbing feelings caused by the disease (Bruni, 2012). White Rice Research at the Harvard School of Public Health was conducted to determine the connection between intakes of white rice and Type Two Diabetes. White rice is consumed worldwide and has a high glycemic index (GI). Increased GI diets are known to heighten chances of becoming diabetic. The participants of the study were taken from Asian countries, whose population consumes up to 4 servings of white rice per day, and Western countries whose population eats much smaller amounts of white rice. None of the participants were diabetic at the beginning of each study. With each additional serving of rice, the study conducted separately on Asian and Western countries revealed that there is a 10 percent higher risk of developing Type Two Diabetes. This research suggests that people in certain Asian countries who eat a large amount of rice will have a higher risk of this type of diabetes (―Diabetes and white rice‖, 2012). 8
An example of nutritional information printed on a box containing white rice. Soft Drinks Certain beverages also have the ability to affect a person‘s health in a detrimental way. Research on soft drinks suggests that drinking too much can lead to vascular diseases or gout. Hannah Gardener and her colleagues discovered that diet soft drinks were less healthy than regular ones. Her group studied 2,564 participants by inquiring how many soft drinks, diet and regular, that the people consumed and the number of vascular problems that they had over a ten year time period. The study yielded surprising information: people who drank diet soft drinks every day were 43 percent more likely to have a vascular problem than people who drank none or people who chose regular soft drinks (―Soft drinks and vascular disease‖, 2012). Research on regular soft drinks that are high in fructose suggests that frequent consumption leads to an increased risk of gout in men. A study published in the British Medical Journal investigates men 40 years or older with no previous history of gout. They were assessed on the amount of regular soft drinks, diet soft drinks, and other fruit drinks high in fructose that they consumed over 12 years. Other health factors were analyzed and after the 12 year period the researchers found that, in the group of men, 755 cases of gout arose. Among the men, there was an 85 percent increased risk of gout in men who consumed five to six servings of soda per week. Both of these studies display the effects of consuming any type of soft drink or drink high in fructose; the results are not desirable (―Sugary soft drinks and gout‖, 2008). 9
Page 1 and 2: Got Food? Recent Advances in Food S
Page 3 and 4: Chapter 1 Diet and Nutrition Ingrid
Page 5 and 6: Economic Uncertainty It is simply n
Page 7: Administration announced that Omega
Page 11 and 12: Malnutrition and Disease A growing
Page 13 and 14: Malnutrition Globally Although a gr
Page 15 and 16: thiamine compounds. Deficiency can
Page 17 and 18: BMJ-British Medical Journal (2012).
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 2 Vitamins and Minerals Bar
Page 21 and 22: The Dangers of Multivitamins and Su
Page 23 and 24: Vitamin A and Osteoporotic Hip Frac
Page 25 and 26: Type II diabetes is caused by the i
Page 27 and 28: Bibliography Alam S.M. (2011, Jan 2
Page 29 and 30: Riboflavin. (2011). In PubMed Healt
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 3 Food Supplements Patrick
Page 33 and 34: 3112 31-50 49 ± 1 35 ± 1 18 ± 1
Page 35 and 36: An example of a chemically engineer
Page 37 and 38: Step 1 Herbs are checked for pestic
Page 39 and 40: Agent Active Ingredient(s) Trade Na
Page 41 and 42: St. John‘s wort (Hypericumperfora
Page 43 and 44: Pravst, I., &Žmitek, K. (2011). Th
Page 45 and 46: In the late 1970s, the first insuli
Page 47 and 48: New Developments Researchers are co
Page 49 and 50: Prevention and Treatment Pre-diabet
Page 51 and 52: There are three forms of insulin av
Page 53 and 54: Crandall, J. P. (2010, April). Diab
Page 55 and 56: Chapter 5 Diet and Heart Disease Re
Page 57 and 58: Dilated cardiomyopathy condition is
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The buildup of plaque within the ar
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Heart disease death rates, total po
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Sensory vegetarians avoid meat beca
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This table documents the relative l
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However, vegetarian diets do receiv
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Turner-McGrievy, G. (2010.) Nutrien
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Scientists are aware that physical
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one study, research examined two ch
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contributing to the metabolic syndr
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In 2011, an Australian study concer
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the food pass through the stomach,
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Giovannucci, E., & Michaud, D. (200
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There is already a basic infrastruc
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estrictions on how much can be grow
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A fisherman prepares to sift throug
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Slow Food is an international organ
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It is a sad fact that the food syst
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Illustration Credits http://static.
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One of Borlaug‘s most important c
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Different crops use different resou
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source of Vitamin A for the poor po
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Plot of world grain production per
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Recent studies also highlight the h
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Chapter 10 Food Preservation Adam C
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Common spoiling enzymes and their e
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Freezing, along with drying, is use
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With these new developments in pres
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An area of future research is bacte
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Parish. M. (2006). How do salt and
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Applications Recently, scientists h
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livestock nutrition as well. Throug
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modified/engineered crops are benef
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added regulatory process, the EU na
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Future of GMO Crops A booming globa
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Biotech crops are benefitting peopl
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Levidow, L., Carr, S., and Wield D.
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This bar graph illustrates the amou
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to the tropics, where an estimated
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The search for sustainable agricult
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water lost to evaporation. It is al
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Francis, C. A., & Porter, P. (2011)
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and science. In a similar way, know
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Sustainable and Alternative Agricul
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After the farmed organisms have mat
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Farmers seeking for a hydroponics m
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Chapter 14 Food Additives Naveena S
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Different regions in the world have
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However, probiotic lactobacilli fac
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and potentially harmful. In 1977 th
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Recent discoveries have led to the
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Phosphates and Kidney Disease A tea
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It is not yet confirmed that using
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Illustration Credits http://www.cho
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Fuel Types and Biomass Environmenta
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Kerosene and LPG are commonly used
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The map displays the amount of deat
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Global Politics on Cooking in Devel
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Lahkar, P. J., Samdarshi, S. K. (20
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