Schriever Wargame 2010 - Air Force Space Command
Schriever Wargame 2010 - Air Force Space Command
Schriever Wargame 2010 - Air Force Space Command
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Senior Leader Perspective<br />
The Challenge of Integration:<br />
Lessons from <strong>Schriever</strong> <strong>Wargame</strong> <strong>2010</strong><br />
Lt Gen Larry D. James, USAF<br />
<strong>Command</strong>er, 14 th <strong>Air</strong> <strong>Force</strong> and<br />
<strong>Command</strong>er<br />
Joint Functional Component <strong>Command</strong> for <strong>Space</strong><br />
US Strategic <strong>Command</strong><br />
Vandenberg AFB, California<br />
The <strong>2010</strong> edition of <strong>Air</strong> <strong>Force</strong> <strong>Space</strong> <strong>Command</strong>’s <strong>Schriever</strong><br />
<strong>Wargame</strong> (SW 10) explored the complex world of 2022<br />
… a world comprised of peer space and cyberspace competitors;<br />
a world where reliance on coalition space and cyber capabilities<br />
would be key to warfighting success; and a world where space<br />
and cyberspace capabilities would be challenged both kinetically<br />
and non-kinetically in the air, sea, land, space, and cyber<br />
domains.<br />
The SW 10 <strong>Wargame</strong><br />
For nearly a week, almost 600 participants and supporting<br />
staff worked through the 2022 scenario. Similar to the 2009<br />
<strong>Schriever</strong> V <strong>Wargame</strong>, SW 10 was designed to evaluate leveraging<br />
all national government instruments of power in a strategiclevel<br />
engagement. However, SW 10 also sought to expand on<br />
<strong>Schriever</strong> V by exploring how the US could leverage capabilities<br />
provided by commercial and coalition partnerships. More specifically,<br />
the wargame’s objectives were to:<br />
1. Investigate space and cyberspace alternative concepts, capabilities,<br />
and force postures to meet requirements.<br />
2. Examine the contributions of space and cyberspace to future<br />
deterrent strategies.<br />
3. Explore integrated planning processes that employ a whole<br />
of government approach to protect and execute operations<br />
in space and cyberspace domains.<br />
As the scenario unfolded, participants gained a number of<br />
significant insights regarding the employment of space capabilities<br />
in future conflicts between space powers. Key among these<br />
insights was the realization that space force organization, military-industry<br />
integration, entanglement with cyberspace and the<br />
reconstitution of space forces would be fundamentally important<br />
concepts.<br />
Certainly, SW 10 was too brief for the participants to appreciate<br />
the full implications of these insights. That will require deliberate<br />
and comprehensive study over the coming months. The<br />
concepts outlined here are intended to contribute towards that<br />
effort.<br />
<strong>Space</strong> Organization and Construct<br />
The SW 10 scenario validated the importance of coalition<br />
space capabilities. It illustrated the need for mechanisms to employ<br />
those capabilities in a way that is consistent with national<br />
objectives while being value-added to the coalition. The game<br />
explored three related organizations to achieve this: a Combined<br />
<strong>Space</strong> Operations Center (CSpOC), a Combined Joint Task<br />
<strong>Force</strong>-<strong>Space</strong> (CJTF-<strong>Space</strong>), and a <strong>Space</strong> Council.<br />
The CSpOC provided a means to direct the full range of coalition<br />
space capabilities at the operational level of war. The<br />
CSpOC concept, exercised in <strong>Schriever</strong> V, was matured considerably<br />
for SW 10. Its responsibilities were expanded and more<br />
fully developed, its size was increased considerably and coalition<br />
personnel were added to its membership. These changes enabled<br />
improved communications across the coalition, facilitated more<br />
rapid deployment and employment of coalition capabilities, and<br />
allowed coalition partners to be fully integrated in strategy, planning,<br />
and execution. The CSpOC was one of the clear successes<br />
of SW 10 and, as such, it is as an excellent model upon which to<br />
base a real-world combined operations center. If the adage that<br />
we must train as we expect to fight is true, then the lesson of SW<br />
10 is clear: we must work to establish a CSpOC today if it is to<br />
be employed successfully in a future time of crisis.<br />
In keeping with US Joint Doctrine, the CSpOC reported to<br />
a CJTF-<strong>Space</strong>, which served as the single, integrated military<br />
structure to direct the employment of coalition space forces.<br />
SW 10 was the first use of a CJTF-<strong>Space</strong> in the <strong>Schriever</strong><br />
<strong>Wargame</strong> series. As a result, the roles and responsibilities of the<br />
CJTF were not sufficiently developed to allow full concept development.<br />
Still, the CJTF filled an important gap identified during<br />
<strong>Schriever</strong> V—that the CSpOC needed a higher level military<br />
organization to guide its efforts.<br />
Similarly, to ensure the CJTF employed each coalition member’s<br />
space capabilities in accordance with its national constraints<br />
and in pursuit of its national objectives, SW 10 employed<br />
a <strong>Space</strong> Council. This council brought together high-level policy<br />
representatives of each coalition nation to develop strategic guidance.<br />
Like the CJTF-<strong>Space</strong>, this construct needs further development.<br />
In particular, SW 10 highlighted the need to examine the<br />
authorities that a <strong>Space</strong> Council requires, the relationship of the<br />
<strong>Space</strong> Council to the combatant commander and his/her staff,<br />
As the scenario unfolded, participants gained a number of significant insights regarding<br />
the employment of space capabilities in future conflicts between space powers.<br />
9 High Frontier