N2O production in a single stage nitritation/anammox MBBR process

Table of content
Chapter 1 .................................................................................................................................... 1
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1
1.3 Objectives ............................................................................................................................................... 3
1.4 Accomplishment and scope ............................................................................................................. 3
Chapter 2 .................................................................................................................................... 5
2. Background ............................................................................................................................. 5
2.1 Biological nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment ......................................................... 5
2.1.1 Nitrification ................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1.2 Denitrification .............................................................................................................................. 6
2.1.3 Anaerobic ammonium oxidation........................................................................................... 6
2.2. Environmental factors ...................................................................................................................... 8
2.2.1 Dissolved oxygen ......................................................................................................................... 8
2.2.2 Temperature ................................................................................................................................. 9
2.2.3 pH and alkalinity ......................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.4 Substrate...................................................................................................................................... 10
2.2.5 Mixing ........................................................................................................................................... 10
2.3 Biofilm reactors ................................................................................................................................. 11
2.3.1 Trickling filter ............................................................................................................................ 11
2.3.2 Biofilters ...................................................................................................................................... 12
2.3.3 Fluidised bed .............................................................................................................................. 12
2.3.4 Moving bed reactor ................................................................................................................. 13
2.3.5 Rotating disc .............................................................................................................................. 13
2.4 Biofilm kinetics .................................................................................................................................. 13
2.5 System configurations for nitrogen removal by anammox .............................................. 15
2.5.1 Sharon/Anammox ................................................................................................................... 15
2.5.2 Canon ............................................................................................................................................ 16
2.5. 3 Deammonification .................................................................................................................. 17
2.5.4 Deamox ........................................................................................................................................ 18
2.5 N2O emissions from wastewater treatment ........................................................................... 18
2.5.1 Nitrification as a source of N2O emissions ..................................................................... 19
2.5.2 Denitrification as a source of N2O emissions ................................................................ 19
2.5.3 Chemical production of N2O ................................................................................................ 20
2.6 Microsensors ...................................................................................................................................... 22
2.6.1 Nitrous oxide sensor ............................................................................................................... 22
2.6.2 Nitrite biosensor....................................................................................................................... 23
Chapter 3 .................................................................................................................................. 25
3. Material and Methods .......................................................................................................... 25
3.1 Partial nitritation/anammox laboratory MBBR . ................................................................. 25
3.2 Reactor medium ................................................................................................................................ 26
3.3 Analytical methods .......................................................................................................................... 27
3.3 Cycle studies ....................................................................................................................................... 27
3.3.1 Intermittent aeration .............................................................................................................. 27
vii