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64 PROPOSAL TO REVISE ENERGY EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS OF THE BUILDING CODE OF AUSTRALIA FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS Energy savings were estimated by comparing the annual energy use predictions for buildings modelled to be just compliant with the BCA 2009 DTS requirements (also referred to as the ‘baseline’) against buildings modelled to be just compliant with the proposed BCA 2010 DTS requirements. 24 Reduced energy consumption The estimated impact of the amendments on energy consumption is reported in tables 6.1 (expressed in MJs per m 2 ) and 6.2 (expressed in percentage terms). The tables report the average annual change per square metre of gross floor area, for gas and electricity. These estimates take account of the fact that each of the proposed measures is likely to have different effective life spans. 25 To estimate energy savings, the ABCB provided TheCIE with results of thermal performance modelling which illustrated the likely impacts of the proposed amendments on building energy consumption. The ABCB assumes that the amendments will only affect a building’s consumption of electricity — with the exception of changes in energy required for heating. Any changes to building heating are assumed to be gas. (Note that table 6.1 indicates that for some buildings gas, consumption actually increases — this reflects a switch in the fuel mix.) The reported per cent changes to gas consumption should be interpreted with caution. In proportional terms, the amendments might induce a large reduction in gas consumption — but buildings use relatively little gas compared to electricity. It is not uncommon for the amendments to reduce total energy consumption by 20 per cent or more. This type of effect is consistent with the amendments’ objectives. From an abatement perspective, the demand for gas is preferred to electricity because it is less GHG intensive. From an energy efficiency perspective, the total change in energy use is the leading indicator. The predicted savings in total energy consumption are seen to be positive in all cases; varying from 5.6 per cent in Thredbo (climate zone 8) for the 2-form office building (single storey, light-weight building) to 39.7 per cent 24 That is, it is not assumed that buildings exceed the required energy efficiency performance as specified in the 2009 and proposed 2010 BCA, for the BAU and change scenario respectively. 25 For example, mechanical ventilation assets will have an effect that last the entire life of the building. In contrast, lighting will require replacement every 7 years, resulting in a much shorter effective lifespan. www.TheCIE.com.au
PROPOSAL TO REVISE ENERGY EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS OF THE BUILDING CODE OF AUSTRALIA FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS 65 for the H-form hospital ward form (3-storey, heavy weight building) located at Mt. Isa (climate zone 3). More than half of the form/type combinations modelled are predicted to have energy savings between 20 and 30 per cent. Reductions in energy consumption generate benefits to building occupants in the form of reduced expenditure on energy bills. The energy savings are valued using estimates of electricity and gas prices (charts 6.3 and 6.4). Given the potentially significant impact the <strong>Australian</strong> Government’s proposed CPRS will have on electricity prices, this analysis draws on its modelling (<strong>Australian</strong> Government 2008). In estimating retail electricity prices, it has been assumed that increases in wholesale electricity prices (caused by the CPRS and modelled by the Treasury) are passed-on in full to consumers. Importantly, the prices estimated here are average prices as recommended by CIE (2009a). Peak and off-peak prices have not been separately identified. Appendix D details how these prices have been estimated. 6.1 Change in energy consumption MJ/m 2 of gross floor area Gas Form 1: Office Form 2: Office Form 1: Retail Form H: Health Form H: School Darwin na na na na na Brisbane na -0.9 na na 0.1 Mt Isa na -0.3 na na 0.4 Kalgoorlie -4.5 -2.5 -1.1 7.1 12.2 Sydney -2.3 -2.9 -5.9 18.0 3.5 Adelaide -2.3 -2.9 -5.9 18.0 3.5 Perth -2.3 -2.9 -5.9 18.0 3.5 Melbourne -1.7 -4.8 5.2 58.9 1.7 Hobart -13.4 -13.9 14.5 30.3 -7.3 Canberra -13.4 -13.9 14.5 30.3 -7.3 Thredbo na -5.1 na 34.4 -74.2 Electricity Darwin -256.2 -221.5 -457.5 -636.1 -222.5 Brisbane -195.1 -143.6 -315.5 -415.1 -197.9 Mt Isa -141.5 -162.3 -319.1 -641.2 -186.3 Kalgoorlie -149.4 -141.0 -285.9 -395.7 -213.8 Sydney -174.9 -122.7 -284.4 -455.1 -127.5 (Continued on next page) www.TheCIE.com.au
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